What hacking AOL taught a generation of programmers
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Similar to IRC channels with bots that provided lists of available content and used DCC to transfer compressed files in small chunks -- these were still the days of 9600-56k, so transfers larger than floppies were often doomed to fail -- AOL private rooms would be filled with bots that would respond to requests and send files. The difference being that the AOL bots would email a list of available content, which could be a paginated list across multiple emails, or results for a specific search query. Then you would type another command into the chat to request a specific file or release, and the bot would forward you a series of emails with <1.4MB attachments (the maximum size at the time), already stored on AOL servers and ready to download at whatever speed your modem could handle.
It took AOL a long time to catch on to this, and even then, they couldn't keep up with the sheer number of fake accounts being created -- or, as the article points out, accounts made with phished credit cards, of which there were hundreds of thousands floating around and a never-ending supply of new ones as AOL's userbase grew. They effectively hosted the warez scene throughout the 90s, until residential broadband became available and 10-100mbps was common in places like Sweden and Singapore, at which point the scene shifted to IRC and self-hosted top sites (i.e. private FTPs).
It was a remarkably simple solution to a hosting problem, and the folks who organized it all will never get enough credit for their contribution toward creating a generation of graphics experts, for example, who couldn't afford the crazy prices of Photoshop or 3ds Max, but were able to use pirated copies to develop those skills and turn them into careers.
Sending the `/list` command in chat would result in one or more emails with lists of software, usually split up to reduce file size. If I were looking for PhotoShop, I might see something like:
[400] PhotoShop 4.0 (cracked by Foo) 1/4
[401] PhotoShop 4.0 (cracked by Foo) 2/4
[402] PhotoShop 4.0 (cracked by Foo) 3/4
[403] PhotoShop 4.0 (cracked by Foo) 4/4
I'd then send `/send 400-403` in the chat and in a few minutes I'd have four forwarded emails containing a portion of an archive. You'd do this for a bunch of stuff and then when going to bed, let AOL's download manager download everything overnight. AOL did more for the WaReZ scene than anyone else in the mid-to-late 90s.
_,-^-,_,-^-,_,-^ Enter 33 for /\/\ /\/\ ^-,_,-^-,_,-^-,_,-^-,_
(You'd type "33" in the chat to get a Mass Mail in your inbox.)
_,-*^*-,_,-*^*-,_,-*^ Enter 33 for /\/\ /\/\ ^*-,_,-*^*-,_,-*^*-,_,-*^*-,_I won’t say how I learned this, but maybe the context clues will fill you in on how it ended when six months into discovering the internet for the first time, my family got a visit from the local PD and some gentlemen from “a government office down state”.
I was 13 at the time. Not much came out it but some very strong words from a local magistrate, who ultimately showed clemency and dropped the affair with orders that I remain “off the web” for a year.
My father on the other hand…was not so eager to let that one go, heh.
Same thing happened to a friend. After that, I got into music and developed a more "healthy" approach to the internet... using it to learn about synthesizers and download the occasional cracked plugin.
I know this because of the late charges I incurred due to a typo on the account number that the system accepted.
Went home and war dialed that local prefix (next city over) until I found the carrier number.
I was 14 and it was 25 years ago
But occasionally you'd find someone who left behind their Visa or Mastercard number.
All of the Toledo numbers were constantly busy, so I tried other "local" numbers and ended up discovering that the Findlay number would usually answer. I set that as the default and thought nothing more of it, while all of us used it for hours a day.
The phone bill that arrived at the end of the month was quite large.
* yes, porn
I quickly found a fake CC generator and updated the CC. I was panicked for about a week..but he never found out. It never hit his CC, and then I was changing the CC every couple of weeks whenever I got a warning.
Also, irc and newsgroups were amazing back then. I was just talking with some friends in discord about our days with mIRC scripts, in particular Invision 2 and Excursion.
I feel like AOL scripting was this weird subculture of teenagers who did VB vs the slightly older generation with their perl / C and Linux tinkering. I didn’t personally get into FreeBSD until FreeBSD 4, and I felt kinda late to the party. This was around the time, for me, when Knoppix was cool and the world outside of Windows felt magical.
Now, two decades later, instead of being some FSF dreamscape, sleep states and hybrid graphics on laptops cause problems across Win, Mac, and Linux, haha.
The Debian CD's came with a huge chunk of geeky/nerd stuff from that subculture, such as IRC bots, Anarchist FAQ, geekcode, the Linux Gazette...
Oh yeah, I remember sometime in the 90s talking to a Dutch guy that had a 6/6 SDSL connection and ran a server in their own home. I thought he must have been a billionaire but was blown away to discover they worked on assembly line.
I feel like I went on a similar journey to you. I wouldn't be where I am today without that beginning.
It was truly a lit time when you could control browser window size and position on the desktop from within JS, even eject the CD ROM! Free cup holder JS jokes freaked out the older folks. So good.
I never really figured that every hour spent messing with all that would translate into so much more value than any of my school work. The scope of our computer courses at school was basically touch typing and MS Office 97/98.
If it wasn’t a “non”(a cc never used at AOL before) it was low value, credit cards were a dime a dozen back then. Only Nons were really high value to ao-hackers. Or cards with the bank phone number, from the back of the card, so you could find out how much available credit they had.
Ah, the good old days.
Instead of this bot driven email, I made use of the alt.binary.mac.applications and similar newsgroups.
But this email system you describe sounds exactly AOLish version of newsgroups. A way of holding someone's hand while the powerusers just went straight to the source.
In the US, one of the key things that Prodigy (remember them?), AOL and some other providers had was that they had a lot of "local" phone numbers instead of "long distance". This meant that your connection was a single charge and didn't rack up with time. That was a BIG deal.
In addition, email addresses were still sufficiently uncommon and hard enough to get hold of that people were using "unmentionable" means to get them even up to about 1994 or so.
To get on the actual internet, you had to wardial the telephone exchanges and happen to luck upon an unsecured university dialin server, from which, if you had a printout of IP addresses from a book or BBS, you could telenet to other servers to use gopher, ftp, irc, MUDs, etc. All plain text mode of course.
AOL on the other hand was a lot more user friendly and lively, just dialin with a graphical interface and tons of groups, chat channels, games, etc. just right there.
It wasn't until the internet was finally opened up to the public in the late 90s that AOL added an abstraction layer over the internet. Even then, it likely had all types of modem available, where, for instance, I tried IBM's ISP but it used modems that were incompatible with the modem that came installed in my IBM PC.
A lot of the fileserve bots on IRC were hosted on rooted international and .edu boxen.
So essentially we should thank all the inexperienced Linux admins of the early 90s for having so many easy to compromise machines on unmonitored networks and then forgetting about them. ;)
AOL OH accounts with no rate limits on chat sends, were the most fun. You could essentially dos whole rooms offline. calling AOL to get mail rate limits lifted was always fun too, explaining why you needed unlimited sending throughout. It was also interesting how many AOL employees were in on the game too, specially once people started paying for names.
Does anyone know what happened to gosh(utoh) ?
2. added a "get your own" link
3. ????
4. pay off your student loans!!!
what was your step 3, the monetization?
Also, PS1 mod chips and copied games / VCDs were good for selling in school for a couple bucks.
I never accepted money for it, initially did one just for the challenge. Then when word got around work, I had a bunch of well-placed people who owed me favors. Good times, good times.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4XuUyfywhGQ&ab_channel=c1yd3...
These got me into programming and I made a couple of my own that are now completely lost to time.
ccoms (chat commands) were my favorite. The program would scan the chat and when you sent a command, it'd do whatever you asked and send a response back to the chat for everyone to see. Basically turning the AOL chat into a public command line. One of the more popular things people used it for was for playing pirated music. You'd send `play rammstein` to the chat, and it'd start playing a random Rammstein song from your mp3 collection.
I started writing one later[1], although I haven't touched it since 2016. It'd connect to your spotify account, instead.
Also, it seems Mark Zuckerberg was in the scene. He apparently wrote Darth Phader (a fader.) A fader would make your text in chats fade colors by injecting html to change the text color between each character. So, your text would start blue and fade to red further along in the message, then maybe go back to blue, it was all configurable in most of them.
Edit: I can't believe I left this out, but there's also a facebook group[2], Justin has a site with a lot of content about progs[3], and I recently stumbled on the AOL Underground Podcast[4].
[0]: https://progs.rexflex.net/
[1]: https://github.com/RexMorgan/qwik-tools
[2]: https://www.facebook.com/groups/297526060414740/
Your archive just gave me my nostalgia fix for the next month. Thanks.
It was also a way to discover music from other people's curated collections. It exposed me to a lot of music I wouldn't have heard, otherwise.
Thanks for putting this together
You're going to run into issues with ocx files. You can search around for them online, but it's a real hassle downloading them to older versions of Windows because SSL support has moved on from what Windows 95/98/ME/2000 can handle.
I've found I can either hit the download without https from the Windows box, or copy them to an S3 bucket and use an http URL to download it out of the bucket.
However, I discovered that if you killed the NetZero application at just the right time (after connecting to the network but before the ad banner was initialized), you could stay online with no ad-banner and pwn some Zerg.
I've never forgotten how progz, Geocities, and MySpace all showed that people want to express their individuality and experiment if you give them the chance. But the boring commercialism of the 2010s internet killed the user's ability to be special.
One day I asked my dad how they were made and he said he had some vague idea. So he took me to CompUSA and we left with a Learn Visual Basic in 24 hours book and Visual Basic software box. I went off and started writing my own programs and hanging out in various AOL related programming chat rooms. I made IRL friends from people that were part of that scene and that I met in those chat rooms. I have very fond memories of the internet back then.
I was 13 at the time I started coding AOL progz and went on to have a career in software development because of it.
Everyone was anonymous, everyone was crazy motivated, and it was a wild west of credit card theft, software theft, and more.
I wrote a few prolific mass mailers and servers, was pretty well known in the scene, and was only 12/13 years old.
I learned to program, create great user experiences, and more.
My servers were the first to have plain text search: /server send photoshop instead of /server send 26-40
It also hosted the lists via a PHP webapp, tracked metrics on the web across users of the app, and connected to IRC.
It was a wonderful time of chaos, rapid learnings, and intrinsic motivation that shaped my life forever. If not for this period of time in my life, I dont know where Id find myself.
I hooked up OpenAI into my bot to allow GPT-3 like prompting in the servers I'm in; created a way to search for youtube videos and play them in a voice channel, and other dumb, fun things.
Making it scale seems like it would be doable, but for now I'm keeping it to the servers I'm active in
A good friend had a really cool way of describing the evolution from web1(aol / dialup era) -> web3
Web 1 was unmitigated chaos, lots of creativity, lots of experimentation, lots of illegal activity, not a lot of money being made
Web 2 was ordered chaos, lots of money being made everywhere, not a ton of creativity but lots of business value creation
Web 3 is the best of both worlds (and some of the worsts). Lots of creativity, boundless energy, lots of value but also lots of fraud.
Gonna have to go download some ZZT files now. I’ve heard there’s somewhat of a community around it again.
My fondest recollection was that there was a Pokemon battling type game (Pokemon Platinum, I think?) where you could battle Pokemon over chat. The creator had hard-coded his AOL username into the binary to unlock a bunch of moves and skills. We figured out you could load the binary into a hex editing app and change the screen name - only problem was, it had to be the same length as the creator's: 9 characters. So made a new screen name, the one that stuck with me for the next 10-15 years, so I could unlock some pointless features in an AOL program. But it introduced me to Visual Basic, hex editing, and generally being interested in tinkering with computers and software.
Learning Visual Basic and the open source community of .bas files was ahead of its time. The tutorials and programming guides, the general willingness to share information.
I learned how to write C++ from a random guy who went by LostSideDead. If you happen to be reading this sir, thank you for spending so much time teaching a kid how to write code. I’ve made a long career of it and I love it.
Submitted it to “happy hacker” and it got in the newsletter, I was super chuffed as a 13? yr old!
Edit: I had a thing called “aol admin tools” which I have no idea if it was legit or not but could see lots more than I could normally lol
T4nk by Kai, empee3 player by freeza and A.S.S. (AOL spamming system) by Mikey were my favorite AOL proggies. I remember hanging out in the private room "vb" a lot, with all the crackers and spammers chatsending their rates
Wow, what a blast from the past this is.
2. The anonymous or weakly pseudonymous internet was a superior user experience. It felt like an escape to freedom, similar to traveling to another country with chosen friends. The strong identity internet feels like surveillance more than escape. It leads me to believe that ‘the metaverse’ will always suck, not matter how good the technology gets.
3. What killed AOL? They had two separate generations of internet dominance, first the entire stack, and then with messenger after the ISP disruption. A company that can lead a massive growth industry, and then pivot to a successful product after their own disruption seems like a solid blue chip. I know what happened, they started focusing on old incompetent subscribers by giving them a familiar interface poorly replicated on the browser. But how? Who thought this was a good idea?
If I had to guess, I’d say that Time Warner destroyed their investor appeal. Wall Street was ready to fund 10 years of internet innovation losses, but not for old media. Throwing away investor money like that is just shockingly obtuse, had to be a decision made by a hostile board that was taking a cut of the merger.
I think our memories of the past are rosy, plus they are not making a direct comparison. IRC chat programs are pretty snappy when they have feature parity; Slack is bloated because it does a whole lot more than AOL Chat.
Whether you like the features or want to pay for them with the decreased performance, that's a different issue that I have no opinion on.
This is untrue for most sites. A browser could take 10-20 sec to open. Loading a page often took 5-30 sec, depending on if it had any images.
I always kept solitaire open and would switch between it and the browser while I waited for things to load.
You could use swear words by substituting the ascii equivalent for a letter.
So looking at the ascii chart, I was wondering if BELL would do anything but it didn’t.
However, NULL would boot all my friends offline and re-boot them off as they auto-re-logged in except myself.
I looked further and found each cipher was simply doing a
character offset, meaning each cipher was a Caesar Cipher.
The offsets were 70, 97, 116 and 101, respectively. If you
look up the corresponding ASCII code for those numbers, you
get the word “Fate”. I tried out this new decoding strategy
and was able to successfully decode a directory of MaGuS’
files. I had broken the code! MaGuS was using what is known
as the Vigenere Cipher, and for that particular directory,
“Fate” was the pass-phrase.Ctrl+F "AIM PW Decrypter" @ http://patorjk.com/programming/vb6examples.htm
I recently rewrote the code in Javascript just for fun. I'll have to post it somewhere someday.
---
Tangentially related, I once stole a 4-character AIM screenname from someone who infected a computer at my school with some backdoor. I found his IP address via `netstat`, and then was able to access his C: drive because Windows File Sharing was turned on with anonymous access. I guess he didn't even have a firewall to block the port. I copied his registry database, and decrypted the AIM password and changed it. He got it back by using AOL's password reset by email tool.
I wonder if whoever it was (he or she) reads HN.
Joke's on them, though. I learned to teach myself everything (since they refused to), dropped out of school, and got a job at a start-up. Don't stay in school, kids - hack for fun and profit!
When I was in 10th grade (~1995) my high school had a new class called "U.S. History with Internet". Kudos to my school for trying to include the internet in the curriculum, but what it amounted to was 3 days a week of normal history class and 2 days spent in the computer lab. Ostensibly we were supposed to be doing history research on the internet, but of course we did anything but. The best part was they had the shop teacher teach for the internet days. He knew less about computers than most of us 15 year-olds. He'd slowly read directions off a paper - "Type in the U R L bar..." and we'd already be 5 steps ahead of him.
My friend got in trouble for looking at homemade bongs, but the hilarious part is that the teacher was convinced he was actually looking up bomb making instructions and that "bong" was some sort of obfuscation.
I wrote such a complicated program that I found out Bill Gates was wrong: 640K was not enough for everyone. But I realized that I could divide my mess of macros into categories, save them in separate files, and then selectively import only those that were being used at the time with a "root" set of macros. I was 18 or 19 at the time. It was many moons later when I learned about virtual memory and swap space, I realized I'd implement my own version of virtual memory/swap. In a very caveman like fashion. All without messing with someone else.
Ig it's useful from an aesthetic standpoint: we all get to see the raw, unfiltered stuff people typed into a search bar at one point.
But something that would be interesting: what if this was the norm, and everything anyone ever types was public domain? Imagine if this just suddenly happened. I don't think we as a society would be able to handle it, we'd probably just try to cover it up.
I later forwarded the email with the VB4 installer attached to it to another AOL user. AOL detected that and terminated my family's account.
Good times, indeed.
Spoofed email address sends you an email with a link to an instakiss some secret admirer sent you, you get there and are presented with a very official-looking login, credentials are logged and it passes you through to some generic instakiss card.
I didn't create the cloned page, but I did maintain a copy of it for a while.
We got a few admin-level accounts this way (various levels of admin).
Admin accounts were kinda like nukes, it was good to have some to protect yourself from other nefarious teenagers messing with your normal accounts.
Maybe I’m looking back with rose-colored glasses but I remember Visual Basic being intuitive and approachable for beginners in a way that I haven’t seen since.
The fader text is a nice touch too, that immediately makes me nostalgic.
I think those are indeed some heavily tinted glasses. I got a job programming out of HS but took night classes to get a degree in network admin. The first programming class I took was VB (never used it before) and completed the semester project the first day, then added a bunch of extra features the next class and was asked to help teach other students because the guy couldn't keep up with everyone that needed serious help (literally everyone). Still not sure if it was because they were overthinking the structure of programming or if their thought processes just didn't naturally gel with it. Changing the way they thought about it seemed to work best
The positive was finding joy in helping them learn, the negative was the next semester in a networking course we were learning outdated tech and was asked to help again. Instead of paying the school to teach their classes, I continued to spend my work lunch in the server room with the admin guys showing me the ins & outs of networking/servers etc and I helped them with their scripting skills. Never went back to school - it was a complete joke.
What a great time :)
I wasn't knowledgeable enough to write the coms but I could make interfaces that called the functions within them. I made little apps that let you change the chat colours and phishing apps to message people so you could appear like an AOL staff member and maybe get their username and password.
Those same chatrooms are where I was exposed to pornography for the first time. My innocence never recovered from that, but it is what it is.
I still have all of my source code. My only claim to fame was I wrote a program to automate the generation of ICQ accounts (which could login to AIM for botting, and were harder to ban since you couldn't setup a wildcard match for the screen names being all "random" numbers.) Apparently it was good enough that someone felt it was worth cracking my crappy copy protection.
Had to set the incoming and outgoing languages manually before any chat and avoid doing it in any high traffic channels, but was fine for private messaging. You had to write in a kind of simplified verbosity without expressing too much style or culture in order to have the most successful communication. That experience alone taught me a lot.
It wouldn't surprise me if someone out there had already setup some rudimentary IRC translation before ~1997 without even needing to do an HTTP request by just having a word replacement flat file, but wasn't aware of one released publicly. Didn't share it at the time, because I was concerned it wouldn't scale well if it became popular and spammed the server with requests.
Never did buy a license for mIRC and haven't really been on IRC since probably 2009 due to a mixture of Google Wave and Steam chat being sufficient, but ought to get around to that to give it the respect it deserved.
My first commercial program (shareware) was a legit AOL add-on (AoLOL!). Designed, built, and redesigned several times before I had the courage to ship it. Visual Basic 3.0. Used Win32 API to attach my program to the AOL toolbar (for AOL 2.5 and AOL 3.0). Had folks from all around the country send me a $14.95 check via US mail.
I had a couple of "naughty" projects at the time, that netted me some cash as well. Stated generically, automated affiliate marketing using AOL. I made about $6,000 my junior and senior years of high school, and a couple of friends did as well using my program. It was fully hands-off besides having to restart it sometimes, although the code felt like a house of cards, even to me then as a total novice programmer.
There were quite a few people who were interested in finding new methods used to brute force passwords as well as writing programs similar to what the article describes, good times
It was a gateway for many of us into other distribution mediums for pirated software. I was part of that scene for years helping with various tasks as a teenager.
"remember when everybody programmed in GW Basic?" no, that time never existed, but a certain set of people at a particular time in history got exposed to programming and that's what was available and understandable to them. In the fat part of the adoption curve for product lifecycles, that number of people can dwarf the number of pioneers who knew other languages like C, but their experience is not an accurate or detailed history of computer science.
AOL was a blip, a big, fat blip, whereby a certain generation of teens discovered computing, and while it was important personally to some people, in no way was AOL ever important, it was just froth.
Then people pirated over phone, BBS, LAN parties, the Internet.
Shit, there might be even people pirating shit over Ham radio.
Shout-outs to maxl, nion, frikk, fatmac, rikky, kai and oracle, syfa and some other good dudes from that time. Some of you are here, I know.
Can't believe we're talking about dos32.bas in 2022.
Fun memories. I still have copies of a lot of those .bas files with the original pinter/punter code. Did anyone ever actually get a rainman account?
Tangent, I started work on remaking "You've Got Mail" a few months ago, with an updated ethos, focusing on decentralized web.
It's weird to cry over an article so unemotional, but, that era made me into who I am today.
Progz were mostly for annoyance and were either released as one purpose programs, such as a punter to boot people offline, or a fader to color text in chat when colors were introduced, or an OH Scroller that scrolled endless text to disrupt chat (you would run these on hacked overhead aka "OH" accounts used by staff that didn't get auto-booted for scrolling). Some progs were sort of All-In-One programs where they had maybe a punter feature, a fader feature, etc. These all in one progs usually had a bunch of useless stuff like an "echo bot" or "trivia bot" or whatever. Some had more nefarious purposes like termers which were used to get people's accounts terminated. Things like punters and termers were usually short-lived as AOL would catch on to whichever method they were using an patch it.
The article talks about the open-source sharing nature of progz, and maybe that was true for the folks who lived in the vb private chats or who released their BAS files (dos32.bas was my first ever intro to coding), but many in the hacker scene were typical teenage boys who would constantly try to one up each other and prove how leet or oldschool they were...and new methods weren't always widely shared. The biggest status symbols for AOL hackers were leet screen names, like "Boss" or "Hack". Even more leet were 3chars which were the smallest amount of characters in a screen name and thus hard to get. The leetest of all were restricted names that had banned words, like "FuckAOL" or were only 2chars like "DJ", or indents like " MrLeet" since they were seemingly impossible to make.
In order to get these screen names, hackers would find ways to steal account information to reset the passwords, or use tools like Sub7 to infect users and then steal their passwords. More technically savvy hackers would exploit holes in AOL's systems such as the "sign up" page which was the source of a really famous hack in 2000. Other hackers were adept at finding ways to convince AOL to terminate an account for supposed threats. Because of this, most AOL hackers had an extensive numbers of <>< or phished accounts to avoid a rival hacker from terming you "perm" account which was usually paid for by your parents. The term phish and its associated progz, phishers, phish tanks, etc., were actually coined on AOL.
Some guys from the scene are legendary. One guy who used AOL on a Mac would often find exploits only he could use, including one where he stole pretty much every 3char name available. Rumor has it he went on to create a very popular online game where users are slithering snakes. :-)
I'm not sure if this is the same exploit, but there was an exploit where you could steal usernames from people during signup. The victim's username had to be an AIM-only account (never linked to a paid AOL account). Then with some sorcery, you bypassed the "invalid name (already taken)" UI block and the backend would make an AOL account with the username.
I stole "christ" from someone this way. Sorry, Chris T. I was 16 years old. A friend stole it from me later, and then someone TOS'd it after that (banned it using a mod account).
Random people would message the account all the time, as if it were actually God, and ask for advice. 16 year old me did my best to give well-considered advice.
> including one where he stole pretty much every 3char name available
Interesting. I think people in my friend circle were in possession of two until AIM pretty much died ('zad' and 'baz'--only 75% sure I got the 2nd one right). Guess they got lucky!
> started with a capital letter
Fixed that for you. We had an lcase exploit, of course.
people would try to punt me and all i'd see in the IM window are the various (and there were many) combinations of HTML tags, which i would save and use myself to manually punt others.
$IM_OFF
i've requested 31 split rars, however, one of them #29 is missing so :(