I watched the beginnings of the Iraqi insurgency develop in 2003... At first the improvised explosive devices we saw were relatively unsophisticated: short-range electronic devices using cordless phones, wireless doorbells, and car alarms. But in just two short months, I witnessed the insurgents’ rapid learning curve. In the subsequent two decades, insurgents have continued to learn. In Iraq, Afghanistan, and Syria, terrorists used small commercial off-the-shelf fixed wing and rotary wing drones, which they armed with both improvised and re-purposed munitions, typically 40mm grenades