The gist is that there’s a common set of cognitive distortions that we fall into. Things like, “fortune telling,” where we assume some bad outcome is going to happen even if we can’t really say that for certain.
You basically write down all the things that are troubling you, and then see if you can call-out those cognitive distortions.
This is just a 10,000 foot perspective, but it’s actually pretty straightforward.
The book “Feeling Good” popularized it.