Back in the 90s and early 2000s the worst that could happen was, say, texting a commercial number to get a polyphone ringtone, and that actually being a subscription. But obviously that is something you have to initiate first, not something passive.
My number was leaked in a particular data breach that actually had nothing to do with me, but a different family member who had all of their contacts vacuumed up before the breach. So from my perspective it was passive.
you can be sure to be bombarded with calls and sms if a students applies for a notify thing or gives their number somewhere outside exam halls or on student help websites.
same for shops asking for mobile numbers.
then there are marketers who randomly call each number, send sms to see what sticks.
the situation is pretty bad i would say because for every careful person who sees through the ruse, there are hundreds who fall for million dollar prizes and kyc scams and all.
people call you and say "we are form bank. main branch. you need to verify your debit card or your account will close". no name of bank, no place of branch, just "from bank. main branch".
At the moment it's pretty bad with lots of calls from overseas. (People with hilariously un-local accents trying to tell you they are calling from the Ministry of Health of Ministry of Manpower...)
Those overseas callers are faking caller id to look like local numbers.
Mobile numbers are non-geographic everywhere else that I know of.
Landlines used to be geographic but this isn't relevant any more again new to number portability.
Just saying that some countries are small enough that it's essentially the same.
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/18523417/can-i-retrieve-...
(Twilio is awesome by the way)
https://stackoverflow.com/questions/18523417/can-i-retrieve-...
(Twilio is awesome by the way)