Good question. There is no way to bound the possible harm, but I'd there are solid alternatives then it becomes less desirable. A good example of this is the covid vaccine: this time, the risk of unknown vaccine complications is worth it.

As an aside, I admire the HN crowd reasoning capacity, but it always amazes me that almost no one is upfront and say we as a society love the taste of beef and are willing to risk environmental and possibly health issues for it. It would be a much more productive discussion if we were honest about it instead of discussing whether we need bigger cows.