Hidden Variables Identified In Quantum Mechanics

I recommend reading the papers when you get the chance. The author did a great job digging through and summarizing the historical record to help explain how Quantum Mechanics was born at the turn of the 20th century, along with her own contributions.

In short: Indeed there are hidden variables in the equations that comprise the fundamentals of quantum mechanics.

1. Planck’s energy equation has a hidden time variable. The equation should be E=htf where h is an energy constant, not an action constant. This implies that each wavelength of light has mass h/c^2 (and therefore momentum), and the fine structure constant has units [cycle x seconds].

2. Planck’s famous black body paper had an undeveloped hypothesis in it that nearly went forgotten. The author calls this the resonance hypothesis. The upshot is that E=Kb x T is missing a term that describes the resonant energy of the system. The equation relating energy directly to temperature via Boltzmann’s constant is in turn only describing the unorderly energy in the system and should be considered a lower bound of the energy of a system of molecules.