Google (and plenty of others) uses IP addresses, browser fingerprinting, etc to link anonymous accounts & browsing sessions together.
I just wonder, does it link these two "anonymous" accounts (when I'm logged out from both)
English is not my native language, probably it's not perfect, I'm sorry
However right now in the same browser that I am typing this, if I open mail.google.com, it is logged in as me. And when I go to youtube.com it is logged in as my wife. So there seems to be some sort of difference between the various accounts maintained by Google.
Before they had ISP account data, they knew the DHCP pool sizes and watched DNS lookups to identify users with a sufficient accuracy for most purposes. Most people visit a specific handful of sites, often at specific times or in a specific order.
For users coming in countries with better privacy laws, or through ISPs too small to be "partnered", Google buys tracking cookie information from various sources. There are hundreds (thousands?) of companies in that business. Cookie tracking isn't as good for finding your specific identity, but it's very specific about where you go and what you look at, which is primo information for marketing purposes.