I feel like there should be criminal charges, as the treatments and their side effects have affected people and robbed them of proper care. The amount of people affected by this is humongous.
Also, if we really are fond of consequences, frauds carry over the price of having to confront, for future publishing, with a scientific community that has grown a bias against the frauder; and the latter will have to regain trust if he/she wants to publish again.
The criminal charges should be for those who use unproven scientific results to endorse their own foul agenda.
If a system allowed me to publish fraudulent research or publish bad research recklessly, with the only consequence being "public shaming" (which is sometimes not really consequential if one has the right connections to the right people), what's to prevent me (and everyone else) from doing it over and over again?
TBH from a legal perspective knowingly publishing false information for personal gain is already fraud. You're arguing that authorities should stay away because academia should somehow have immunity? That's a very disturbing line of thought.