As I've said in another comment it's part of an European Directive : PSD-2. Think of it the equivalent of the cookie wall but for banking.
That comparison doesn't really make sense. Cookie banners exist to inform you about data sharing agreements. PSD-2 regulates how third party providers and banks can work together and providing more open APIs between banks and consumer apps.
That being said nobody is asking passwords for paying with cards (now if you're doing a payment through your bank that's a different issue)
[0] https://www.visa.co.uk/partner-with-us/payment-technology/st...