Dang, congrats. My phone's usb port was damaged at the time and I couldn't maintain usb connection long enough to get file transfer working. Think I tried ssh'ing into my phone after that and was immediately in over my head. Tried emailing the file to myself but my email provider wasn't letting me open it on that grounds that it thought it was a virus (was an apk file). I don't even remember how I ended up getting it working.

And as I think about it, I think I did get to the same spot as you, with the device 'paired' but not really. My theory now is that bluetooth works on a controller/client relationship, and that both your laptop and phone are trying to be controller and are thus incompatible with each other, while things like headphones would be clients. Would love to know if someone more familiar with bluetooth could correct me.