Jews have been prosecuted on many parts of the world and on different timelines of history: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persecution_of_Jews
They have also found refugee in Muslim community from Christian prosecution multiple times: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_under_Musl...
> Laws like these lower the probability of Jews becoming a minority in Israel.
It doesn't. The children still remain Isreali citizens. Which means this is an inconvenience to the spouse and a quite racist law.
> And the probability of them being persecuted provided they become a minority is zero?
History shows that their prosecution, demographics, and geography are not that related. Jews got prosecuted because they held significant wealth in a certain societies. It's a power/wealth grab in certain cases; and finding an easy scapegoat in other cases.