It's because `f = new Number(0)` is a boxed number (therefore it's an object), and `!f` calls ToBoolean on this object which unconditionally returns true (https://tc39.es/ecma262/#table-toboolean-conversions). `!-f` first applies unary minus, which first performs a ToNumber on the f object (which returns unboxed 0), that's negated to -0, and then ToBoolean of -0 is false.