Unless things changed since last I checked ~2 years ago, macOS’s 150% scaling actually renders at 300% and downscales. It looks pretty bad (visible aliasing on any kind of text) and is wasteful performance-wise.
macOS draws only at 1x or 2x. 3x is iOS only.
Apples decision to support only integer scaling was what allowed them to adopt Retina displays very quickly. Unfortunately it led to a subotimal solution in the long term.