Is the Russian Air Force incapable of complex air operations?
rusi.org
rusi.org
"As evidence of the State Armament Programme’s implementation until 2015 showed, the Russian defence industry still had not made the leap from ‘dumb-iron’ equipment to twenty-first-century sophistication.
"Russia’s intervention in Syria is a case in point. As [Russian defense analyst and director of the Moscow-based Centre for Analysis of Strategies and Technologies] Ruslan Pukhov argued, the performance of the Russian Air Force in Syria was impressive if compared to the 2008 war with Georgia, where it lost seven aircraft in blue-on-blue incidents within a matter of four days. From an international perspective, however, it’s technological level now matches at best that of the US air force during the 1991 Gulf War a quarter of a century ago. Weaknesses have been visible in Syria, particularly in terms of the sophistication of precision-guided munitions, a shortage of targeting systems, deficiencies in aerial reconnaissance capabilities, and a lack of long-range UAVs and attack drones." --Bettina Renz, Russia's Military Revival 2018, page 80
They were just out shelling the nuclear facility when they could make some strategic strikes.
This seems on point.
This document from 2017 was written by the US military and analyzes and points out weaknesses in the Russian BTG (Battalion Tactical Group) doctrine and has some excellent points that make a lot of what is currently occurring fall into place. https://www.benning.army.mil/armor/earmor/content/issues/201...
>Current Russian state net revenues from energy cannot fund the same modernization period as before.
Basically they can't modernize.
It then goes into the current Russian BTG doctrine and how it leaves armored groups exposed due to a lack of supporting infantry and air.
>The BTG’s may be vulnerable to raids, counterattacks and other surprise movements because reliance on analog C2 limits subordinate units’ ability to understand and react to changes of circumstance.
>A BTG had the entire brigade’s support and enabling resources, but it had only one mechanized-infantry battalion
>According to Russian Army manuals, in the field as many as 50 percent of infantry soldiers can be required for local security and routine administrative tasks. This leaves relatively few infantrymen available for mounted squads. Squads are usually organized ad hoc and are less than fully manned,which makes them less effective and less independent. For opponents, it also means that it requires fewer casualties to neutralize the Russian squads.
>The lack of infantry causes BTG commanders to prefer to isolate urban infantry strongpoints for prolonged sieges instead of assaulting
The document also goes into supply issues that BTGs will likely face.
Basically the current Russian doctrine is ridiculously ineffective. It involves lots of independent battalions of almost pure armor. Which get destroyed consistently due to a lack of supporting infantry. To the point where it's quite possible they'll lose this war. The Russians thought it was effective in Chechnya and Syria and the 2014 war with Ukraine since they simply didn't face significant resistance. All of the above weaknesses are now very apparent however.
One last thing
>The current military and political leaders are the same leaders who introduced the BTG structure; their reputations and careers are closely tied to its success. Instead of moderating BTG rollout and keeping a portion of the Russian Army in a divisional structure to train for high-intensity CAM, Russia’s leaders are accelerating the rate that units convert into BTGs.
Not fast enough. My understanding is the current Western military analyses still predict the Russians will eventually win, it'll just cost them more.
IMHO, if we want to Ukrainians to win, it'll require either some kind of direct military intervention, or giving them control of much more advanced equipment (e.g. cruise missiles, anti-ship missiles, etc.)
So, let this war be finished soon in the same way that the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan or the US intervention in Vietnam were finished: in defeat without obliteration. Let Putin loose face and be deposed so that a new generation can take over in Russia, preferably one which is not controlled by some globalist loon nor one which has dreams of reinstating some former Russian empire. Let Ukraine become the European nation it claims to be which means they need to rid themselves of corruption. Let the mistakes which were made in the de-sovietification of the former USSR be corrected, get rid of the oligarchs and their cronies. Smoke out Lukashenko from White Russia so that that nation can also learn to stand on its own feet once the Putinistas have been purged.
And for the love of ${$deity} stop with the stupid, braindead anti-everything-that-is-Russian attitude that I see growing around me. I see a Tchaikovsky and Stravinsky concerts being cancelled in the Netherlands, Russian-language children's reading hours in the library in Sweden are cancelled, a university in Italy wanted to ban Dostoyevsky from its curriculum and more of such stupidity. Just stop it already, realise that Russia is part of Europe and will remain so after this war is over. Realise, also, that Dostoyevsky was imprisoned by the then-version of Putin, that Ukrainians are just as enamoured of Stravinsky and Tchaikovsky as Russians and others are, that those Russian-language reading hours in a Swedish city would most likely get the children to dislike Putinism more than that it would encourage them to follow him. If Clancy is to believed one of the bigger insults you could make to a Russian was that he was uncultured - некультурный. Let's show that we are not while making clear that it is Putin and his ilk who represent the barbarians at the gate.
After being potentially devastated by the sanctions and embarassed by the world, there are no guarantees that anyone taking over from Putin would be more reasonable, less nationalistic, or less likely to utilize nuclear strikes. More chaos and instability in Russia after a Putin exit could backfire with a random cast of characters gaining power. A risky roll of your favorite multi-sided dice.
It's also worth noting a Putin victory won't necessarily lead to some kind of stability. For a brief time Ukraine had nukes, but gave them up. The lesson of this invasion to every medium-size power next to a giant will be: if you value your independence, get nukes, and don't give them up.
Honestly? The Russians go home. Putin makes threats, but they're to scare his adversaries into pulling their punches out of fear, while he does what he was always going to do.
If his goal is to rebuild the Soviet empire, it's an automatic failure if he escalates until Moscow is a smoking pit.
Were they? https://www.reuters.com/article/ukraine-crisis-usa-nuclear-e...
Sorta like saying, the burglar didn’t steal from mysecretaccount2’s house, just the garage.
[0]: https://twitter.com/NotWoofers/status/1499527941377732609
[1]: https://twitter.com/NotWoofers/status/1499545373744017424
Either way, why on earth are invaders within the fence line of a nuclear facility. Completely absurd
Anyway if the Russians want to control all the country they can't let a nuclear power plant left alone, it's a strategic asset.
Maybe Russia is worried that Ukraine might have been covertly developing nuclear weapons, and they don't want to give the Ukrainians any more time to hide the evidence.
In WW2, on Okinawa and various other islands, the Japanese had set up nursing stations and other logistics inside natural cave structures, staffed largely by civilians, and of those, largely by women, some with children in tow.
When the Allied forces pushed onto these islands, the Japanese reasoned that if they retreated into these caves and placed the civilians in front of the forces, the Allies wouldn't have the heart to firebomb and/or shoot innocents in order to get to the fighting forces. This reasoning was faulty, as MacArthur and others below him in the CoC ordered the massacre of countless civilians to finish the job.
Facts on the ground are sketchy, but my understanding is that the Ukrainian forces made a similar gamble, that "if we retreat into a nuclear power plant, nobody would be dumb enough to fire on our position here", and that they were as wrong as the Japanese.
This is a common gamble that tacticians make, betting on the better angels of our nature to not do horrible things. But we're barely-evolved monkeys, and this gamble is almost always wrong.
It may "get the job done", but only if the job doesn't require a conscience.
Same goes for Beijing and North Korea.
Honestly, the Russians would be better off with 1950 Chinese style mass conscripted infantry formations with modern weapons, atgm, and manpads.
The sheer rate at which they fired missiles(Cruise? Iskandr?) and the rate at which they were able to cripple anything in sight was scary.
If this is what a reduced capability armed forces can do. I shudder to imagine what a real power can do, and sheer loss of human life and value that humans built would be(is already) heart wrenching.
I think they have weakness in engines as well. It is rumoured that the Chinese stealth fighter J20's biggest weakness is its engine
Another one of their customer country India apparently used American engines in their own fighter jet instead of Russian ones despite higher cost and having operational and maintenance experience with Russian engines.
Interestingly, the Indian variants of Russian fighter jets do integrate a lot of tech from West.
Most people at this level don't have a soul or patriotic feelings, so the internal dialog is probably: "I don't give a shit what happens to Russia, I'll find another country to feed onto".
Genuine question: have you spent anytime living there? If so where/how long?
Russia ranked 136th out of 180 in Transparency International's corruption index.
Are you sure that you don’t want to rein in the grand narration just a little bit?
Why are you so hung up on defending Russia?
And in that light the historical line that is being drawn makes even less sense.
> Why are you so hung up on defending Russia?
It’s revealing that you frame or interpret this discussion as being about either attacking or defending Russia. Why is it/ought it to be about that?
I believe this mentality is created by the massive propaganda we have been subjected to since a couple decades.
Russia is famous for corruption, seems a weird thing to defend. Even in the US there are at least some well-connected sons getting seats in fighter jets, and "paid drivers" have existed in Formula 1 since forever. Doesn't seem too far fetched, but right or wrong hardly worth any kind of attack. Additionally I never said the pilots would be incompetent--in my experience when people start responding to accusations that were never made, something else is going on in their head.
For what it's worth, I like Russia. I'm ethnically from a former Soviet state and although I have very little cultural connection to it, whenever I meet Russians anywhere in the world they've been instantly friendly towards me just based on my name. Even with this happening I hope that someday within my lifetime EU/Russian relation can be fully normalized.
You really seem like you'd just be tons of fun at parties.
For this round, expanding an empire just be force is odd, except for Mongolian empire. Usually you start with soft bit. Seems this round is very Mongolian.
Soldiers in the armed forces, in any interaction outside of it, face corruption every day: semi-official bribe lists with local police forces, bribes for administrative procedures, medical and so on.
In corrupt societies, it is hard to opt out of bribery since “market” forces balance out on the assumption that bribe giver can finance them partially through bribe taking. Cutting one leg off the trade makes it fail.
I think it’s naive to believe you can build an island of meritocracy surrounded from all sides by a corrupt system.
Do you have a link on an article that I could put though deepl?
1. https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/ycs-youtube-commen...
youtube-dl --write-sub --sub-lang en --skip-download
I translated the subtitles with deepl, it made for a fascinating read!
In the initial phases of the UK/French air attacks on Libya in 2011, the French Air Force plus a French carrier ended up only able to combined together sustain a rate of one to two supported ground attack missions per day.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opération_Harmattan
If I recall correctly, the primary bottleneck was planning. Once the US joined in and provided planning support, the rate of French sorties per day went considerably up.
I read somewhere that Soviet-style air defense turn out to be most effective against Soviet-style air forces. Basically Western militaries have never invested heavily in SAMs, but invested heavily in anti-SAM weapons an tactics; while Soviet-style militaries did the opposite. That leaves Soviet-style forces with with very good SAM capabilities and weak air forces without the ability to counter it.
Hm, I will cynically say that it looks like the Russians were actually more interested in defense, while the Americans were more interested in offense.
My country was invaded by Russians in 1968. While it wasn't particularly pleasant, I think it was better than being bombed, or perhaps even, economically starved.
1. Russians won the WW2 using tanks on land, Americans won the WW2 using aircrafts over sea.
2. (If we assume Russians care less about the loss of their troops than Americans.) Attacking another country from the air is more expensive, but safer, than attacking it from the ground.
3. (If we assume Americans are more interested in projecting their force globally than Russians are.) It is easier to move airplanes/missiles/drones around the world on ships than to move heavy mechanized ground troops.
On the other hand, Russians have sometimes led the development of heavy ICBMs and nuclear weapons, but that also seems to be more valuable as a global deterrent rather than something you would randomly use during an invasion.
Have you heard of the stinger, that the Ukrainians are using to great effect? The US also has the patriot and aegis systems which are really good air defense missiles. That’s not including THAAD, etc.
That's not at all what I said. I suppose it would have been a little clearer if I had said "never invested as heavily" in SAMs compared to the Soviets, but I wasn't focusing on the West. I was making a point about Soviet-style forces fighting one another.
Nothing about that implies the West never invested in SAMs or has stopped doing so. It just means they're not as central to its air defense strategy.
> Have you heard of the stinger, that the Ukrainians are using to great effect? The US also has the patriot and aegis systems which are really good air defense missiles. That’s not including THAAD, etc.
Not like the Soviet Union did. The article I'm trying to paraphrase said that SAMs were far more integral to Soviet air defense strategy than they were to Western air defense, which put more emphasis on using fighter aircraft for air defense than having the Army deploy different SAM systems for every need. Because the Soviets relied more on SAMs, then the West had to put more emphasis on counter-SAM weapons (which the Soviets has far less need to do).
Also the article noted that the exception is Western navies, which the article said were in a more similar situation to the Soviet Army. That's why the more capable US SAM systems have naval lineage.
The same author in this video (he was being interviewed, towards the end of the video) mentioned the lack of SEAD compared to the west:
"If the VKS had the large-scale organizational capabilities we'd previously assumed, then they'd have a straightforward SEAD approach (involving strength in numbers and some moderate SEAD sophistication), though it might lose aircraft (perhaps due to comparably low SEAD sophistication, I don't know). Then, having eliminated the SAMs, they could fly higher, in larger numbers. So it's weird that they don't do that. This is circumstantial evidence that they aren't capable of this type of SEAD, and this in turn is more evidence for my tentative conclusion that they might be incapable of air operations of more than a few planes."
That's what I got out of the SEAD comments in TFA.
I guess we should look at the cost of the bom for a tank, not what government pays for it.
Not that tanks are cheap but I think manifacturing cost is substantially lower than 10m.
The MiG 21 cost less to procure than a BMP-1 armoured personnel carrier if Wikipedia [1] is to be believed [2]. A BMP is not a tank and can be assumed to be less expensive than one.
[1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikoyan-Gurevich_MiG-21#Cost
[2] which is in this case probably is seeing as how this is not a politically sensitive subject
But if they can't import the latest and greatest parts to make T-90Ms or T-72B3Ms....they have such a huge stockpile of "good enough" older T-72s in storage, they can just use those with a minor refurbishment period. With what we've seen of their tactics and (lack of) skills, it won't seriously impact their battlefield results to field early 1980s-era tank technology.
Against M1 Abrams it isn’t even going to be a battle and they don’t have enough Armatas to make a difference.
I question the use of tanks for anything beyond a support / artillery role at this point. All tanks seem highly vulnerable to both air and Javelin-like AT.
I think there was a US report a few years back about how modern tanks are no longer really the centerpiece of the battlefield anymore. Similar to how the battleship was thought to be the centerpiece at the beginning of WW2 and then it quickly became apparent it was the aircraft carrier.
That's due more to shit tactics (exacerbated by the early spring thaw that has limited off-road movement) than to any specific limitations of their hardware. There is VERY little footage of dismounted infantry screening Russian tanks, or competent employment of other recon assets. Look up some ANNA News footage embedded with the Syrian Arab Army in Jhobar, a Damascus suburb. It took the Syrians years of errors/casualties, but they eventually learned to storm dug-in fanatical enemies in urban environments, and they did it with crappier T-72s than the Russians are fielding now. There is a plethora of modern ATGMs dumped into Syrian insurgent hands too.
>>>Against M1 Abrams it isn’t even going to be a battle
That's a crew quality issue as well. A T-90 or T-72B3 is absolutely a threat to an Abrams.
>>>I question the use of tanks for anything beyond a support / artillery role at this point.
Increasing urbanization/population densities worldwide make sweeping wars of maneuver across open terrain less viable. Tanks are useful in urban environments, but require well-trained soldiers experienced in combined arms (German Kampfgruppe in Stalingrad, US Army-Marine teams in Fallujah).
>>>All tanks seem highly vulnerable to both air and Javelin-like AT.
As my sister comment touches on, this is changing as tank protection moves away from thick slabs of passive armor, to every tank fielding active protection systems such as the Israeli Trophy ( https://youtu.be/6aA9HsmLHBQ ). <-- also some of the coolest footage of shaped charge warheads detonating.
Combine an APS with a laser air-defense system either on another vehicle (current tech: https://www.armyrecognition.com/weapons_defence_industry_mil... ) or on the tank's turret (future tech), and these threats are moderately neutralized.
Then the advantages of the main battle tank will be retained: mobility, protection, and firepower.
The role of a Wild Weasel aircraft is to tempt enemy radar operators into turning on their units and start transmitting. Whereupon the aircraft would launch an anti-radiation (radio-homing, not "nuclear") missile at the transmitter. The USAF has the AGM-88 and the Russians have the Kh-58 and the Kh-31 to do this. Note that all this happens while the Wild Weasel is being attacked by surface-to-air missiles and anti-aircraft fire.
As to why the Russians are being so ineffective at SEAD in Ukraine - no idea but I'm not going to give them any improvement suggestions.
In a serious peer-to-peer total conflict the AWACS would be shot down and the Ukrainians wouldn't be able to get away with much of anything.
I would wonder more about space-based observation, either ELINT or active radar.
If so, why does the US still rely on AWACS?
Physically, yes. There are plenty of radar satellites.
Power is a problem. AWACS radars draw dozens of kilowatts. You very much want lots of power in military radar, since you're often illuminating something that can be engineered to have a small RCS or is actively spoofing the return signal. This forces you to have big solar panels, big radiator panels for electronics waste heat, big batteries so you can actually run the radar in the 50% of the orbit when you're in Earthshade, big antenna for high gain, big fuel tanks because you have so much atmospheric drag that you're reboosting all the time. An AWACS satellite would be bus-sized, if not bigger.
This hypothetical AWACS satellite would also have the problem that it would have a perfectly predictable orbital track, so you could target it with a very high gain antenna for jamming. And, of course, antisatellite missiles exist, and AWACS birds would badly tempt future adversaries to make yet more orbital debris.
Some of these problems could be mitigated with a larger constellation, which you would want anyway so you can run lower altitudes and (as you note) better coverage. Unfortunately, running a Starlink-style megaconstellation with hardware purchased from military aerospace contractors would cost hundreds of trillions of dollars.
Several NRO birds are known to use synthetic aperture radar, (LACROSSE/ONYX) but almost certainly not for detecting aircraft in flight. Others are for detecting radiated signals. (NOSS) For civilian (-ish) attempts to launch surveillance megaconstellations, see PlanetScope: https://www.planet.com/products/planet-imagery/
It's only targeting information if it can be used to attack, which is not what we're talking about here.
edit: not awacs but gives and idea of the monitoring they willing to have public
https://globe.adsbexchange.com/?icao=ae01d1,ae01d5,ae01d0,ae...
It’s clear there is a lot of other kit flying there too, judging by the number of aerial refuelling planes (which show up on civilian trackers).
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zt5j2mrXLks
The AWACS normally monitor Russian aircraft during peace in any case, in order to gather info about how they operate. These flights today are a goldmine of intel, as it shows how the Russian Aviation forces operate in a real conflict.
They were desperate to read those. /s
Sort of a monkeys writing Shakespeare thing. It may not be of value, but why take the chance of your conscience or nationality dictates neutrality.
It's probably why they're not as effective as we thought.
[thank you for the clarification --they had R.A.D.A.R. but apparently it was behind Allies' tech]
While electronic warfare was still in relative infancy, radio and RADAR jamming and chaff (known then to the Allies as "Window") were widely used. However, prior to the widespread development and use of guided weapons (e.g. homing anti-radiation missiles) it was very difficult to precisely strike small SEAD targets (semi-mobile RADAR units, AAA batteries) without needing to first close within range of low-level AAA defenses.
The Allies did use bombing raids on Luftwaffe airfields as a way to draw out fighters, as well as wide-ranging fighter sweeps that would attempt to catch fighters on the ground. But these had serious limitations: the Germans had very effective short-range AAA deployed around their airfields which inflicted serious losses on ground-attack missions, and airfields at the time were very difficult to damage. Especially prior to the widespread use of jet aircraft with higher takeoff and landing speeds and weights, an airfield could basically be just that - a field - and filling in bomb craters to return a runway to active use was straightforward. That means the only effective target was the planes on the ground themselves, and without guided munitions the only way to effectively target airplanes on the ground was to strike at low altitude and thus come within range of the strong AAA defenses. This would begin to change later in the war with the growing use of (unguided) rockets that allowed for something of a standoff distance (compared to dive bombing), but nothing like the reach of a modern PGM.
I think there's a necessary combination of factors that came together in the Vietnam and Arab-Israeli wars to give birth to SEAD in its modern form:
- Strong enemy air defenses in the form of SAM batteries
- Unacceptable attrition due to said defenses
- Increased weapon accuracy to allow effective targeting of specific threats (e.g. a specific enemy RADAR or SAM site) either via homing (Shrike/Standard ARM) or TV/laser guidance (Bullpup/Walleye/Paveway)
- Early integrated circuits allowing for more complicated and effective electronic warfare equipment (warning receivers, jammers, homing seekers, etc)
So the risk of an expensive bomber was greater than the risk of distributed Anti Aircraft guns, which are cheap in comparison to bombers.
The hypothesis seems plausible to me. Feel free to let me know where this information may be incorrect so I can update my knowledge.
There's obviously some propaganda and a thick fog of war going on, but I think we can quite reasonably conclude that this is going far worse for Russia than anyone expected, including Russia.
https://www.metaculus.com/questions/9939/kyiv-to-fall-to-rus...
It doesn't seem to be going that bad as some would make you believe.
In comparison, took poland a month to fall from germany and ussr combined with much larger armies on both sides.
Not really; the most recent wave is subsiding and we’ve (as a nation, not all of us as individuals) just decided we don't care anymore.
that's what you've been told at the time when it was required for you to think so, in particular during Trump's presidency due to his stance on NATO.
today you are required to think that Russia is getting its ass kicked, and tomorrow you'll be required to think that Russia must be nuked or else Europe will fall, and the expert opinion will once again change to reflect that.
Kabul might have fallen in a day but the process of the Taliban gaining control over Afghanistan took significantly longer than a day.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afghanistan_conflict_(1978%E2%...
This map shows dates on which various cities fell under the control of the Taliban and there are dates going back into June and July ...
https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/dc/2021_Tal...
Safe to say things did not go according to plan.
https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/30038951-the-modern-russ...
https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/40653204-armies-of-russi...
If logistics of the ground forces is a challenge (https://www.economist.com/europe/2022/03/04/why-a-huge-russi...), logistics of the airforce would be a disaster.
If you are positioned to do a good job continuing to interfere with the resupply, that might be a favor to Russia, even though it might feel good.
In other words, the state of Russian security is literally nothing but threat of nuclear war. What are the odds those would be as poorly functioning as the rest of the forces?
Get outta here with that. OP asked for a good source. Not fairytales.
It's an ideal bit of propaganda to have though.
If the Ukranians pull through this, the 'Ghost of Kyiv' will be utterly mythologized. There will be movies, video games, statues, restaurants, brands of beer etc..
They are straight up heroes.
I hope they bring the surviving winners to national capitols so they can have parade. They deserve 'Ending of Star Wars' kind of hero status.
Sources:
(1) https://www.gamingbible.co.uk/news/viral-footage-of-ghost-of...
(2) Google/YouTube etc
Any links to read?
https://twitter.com/christogrozev/status/1499872184382234636
And with regards to supplies, yesterday, accidentally, due to electrical short in car (official version) blew up russian ammo depot in kursk region...https://twitter.com/GirkinGirkin/status/1499761900959289347
From some accounts I listened too their morale is quite low.
https://www.aerosociety.com/news/air-war-over-ukraine-the-fi...
But then you risk getting hit by sams. And you're back at the article we're commenting.
Ben Barry from the International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS) suggests the Ukrainians may well be safeguarding what resources they do have in readiness to counter-attack when the Russians get closer to Kyiv
Unlikely to be the problem. Ukraine just received more Bayraktar drones from Turkey. And they'll receive more after that.
It's not that simple when you're also missing infantry.
If air supremacy is established tanks and static artillery become useless. They are sitting ducks.
I am pretty perplexed with what is happening with the Russian armed forces. They seem to be suffering from poor planning, indecision, and poorly maintained equipment.
It as if Putin drafted rough plans to attack, but never finalized them. Then, after all that public grandstanding he couldn’t back down without looking like a coward. So he said “fuck it”, and gambled hoping it would be Crimea 2.0.
We didn’t stand up enough to him then, so the bully got emboldened.
Take that with a grain of salt. If you research the history of Russian conflicts, stating that they were told it was just training is a common trope of captured Russians (https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=30549427). It's basically a survival technique. Don't underestimate the indoctrination apparatus of the Russian army. They were sent there to kill, and they know it. Imagine being in 'training' and seeing medical tents + doctors + blood supplies. Give me a break. That doesn't rule out poor planning and/or poor logistics..
What rational reason would the Russians have for being able to establish air superiority, but preferring not to do so?
They might think of causalities in terms of money, and not lives.
The only way that works is if the air force itself is thinking in terms of money irrespective of the larger picture, but I'd find that surprising.
tl;dr appears to be "no, unless they are holding something back".
Russia has every incentive to establish air superiority, and on paper should be more than capable of doing so if it commits to combat operations in large, mixed formations to suppress and hunt down Ukrainian fighters and SAM systems. Instead, the VKS continues to only operate in very small numbers and at low level to minimise the threat from the Ukrainian SAMs. Down low, their situational awareness and combat effectiveness is limited, and they are well within range of the MANPADS such as Igla and Stinger which Ukrainian forces already possess. The numbers of MANPADS are also increasing, as numerous Western countries send supplies to beleaguered Ukrainian forces. To avoid additional losses to MANPADS, sorties continue to be primarily flown at night, which further limits the effectiveness of their mostly unguided air-to-ground weapons.
"While the early VKS failure to establish air superiority could be explained by lack of early warning, coordination capacity and sufficient planning time, the continued pattern of activity suggests a more significant conclusion: that the VKS lacks the institutional capacity to plan, brief and fly complex air operations at scale. There is significant circumstantial evidence to support this, admittedly tentative, explanation."
What if we just didn’t need these soldiers or nukes anymore?
If I were in charge of the air force, and Putin ordered large-scale air superiority attacks against Ukrainians, I wouldn't want to do that. Putin might not have the power to order his air force to launch strikes of aggression.
Dictatorships give the impression of being all-powerful, but dictators need to keep constituents appeased, but that's kind of an illusion. Key constituencies -- quite often the generals -- need to remain appeased.
I expect if this were the case, Russia wouldn't advertise this externally. There is every incentive to maintain a united external front.
This is a war they have been planning for months if not years
While preparing for the invasion, Russians were selling their fuel to locals at the borders in Russia and Belarus. Way to go!
To be fair, the troops apparently didn't know they were preparing for an invasion.
Of course, selling fuel and supplies when deployed for a training mission is still a sign of an appalling failure of discipline in a military force.
The thing is, selling arms under the table (embezzling arms) is a sign of corruption from the highest levels. The grunts aren't stupid - they're looking out for their own interest, because they aren't paid well nor treated well i imagine.
what incentives even exist in the Russian army? this is such a weird situation to extrapolate from
He then went on to fight for the independence of the Chechen Republic. On that note, I wonder if Russia doing poorly in Ukraine might not ignite the fight in Chechnya again.
No air force commander refuses such an order and makes his infantry die because he disagrees with the politics. Even if he did, he would likely be relieved of command the moment after and face court martial. And that's ignoring it is Russia we're talking about.
To oversimplify, in a dictatorship, the dictator serves at the pleasure of the branches of the army, secret service, and police. If a majority believe he's unfit, he's out. Commanders have a lot of autonomy to refuse orders. That kind of infighting is common in China too. It's nearly impossible in a democracy.
Probably someone more exactly like Viktor Yanukovych.
Flying below 12,000 ft is atypical for a fighter, since it also opens you up to potential AA ground fire and flak. Not to mention gravitational potential energy is something you generally want to have on your side as a fighter. Helicopters are another story of course.
Apparently Russian forces are having some difficulty with IFF, if this is accurate: https://twitter.com/andersostlund/status/1499823866893512708
This isn't to say the Russian Air Force doesn't have the problems mentioned. Those are all legit issues. I just think there might be some deliberate decision-making (even if we assess that those decisions were erroneous) on top of that.
Part 3 (@33:00) of Oliver Stone's interview has him taking Stone to his situation room ("my functions as Commander-in-Chief") in case you're curious at the level of interaction with MoD.
Makes sense if you assume they're being held as a deterrent I guess. I assumed that they were being held in case they were needed for actual combat. I see nothing here that refutes this. I don't think the west really appreciates how realistic (if undesirable) this scenario is in Putin's eyes, to our great peril.
As fun as it is to dunk on the Russians for their incompetence here, it seems far more likely to me that it's a sign of the profound competence of the US/NATO at electronic warfare. IMO this explanation accounts for at least half of what's being chalked up to "logistics" failures on the Russian's part.
As much as I'd like to believe that US Wild Weasel aircraft orbiting outside Ukraine are capable of zapping Russian aircraft inside Ukraine and Russia itself, this does not seem likely.
I certainly don't have any evidence to prove it though, so its certainly reasonable to disagree.
EDIT: Planes are absorbing a tremendous amount of input from their environment at all times, both digital and analog. That input is, in many cases, being processed by software. Just to articulate the model a little further.
Keep in mind that military aircraft have tons of specialized systems on them that civillian aircraft do not. And further, that countries would be willing to spend, literally, billions of dollars to build systems that could exploit flaws like this. So even for quite exotic ideas like say, designing ground objects with exotic shapes that have radar signatures that trigger flaws in onboard processing software, or whatever.
I'm just making things up here, but there are undoubtedly teams of physicists, avionics experts and cybersecurity experts tasked with studying this, even if just to ensure our systems are not vulnerable to it. It's possible that all that has come to nothing, but it would not surprise me if it hasn't.
Maybe Putin is holding back the ground and air attack so he can use that threat as a bargaining chip. Putin is the kind of man who would not hesitate to push a threat to the extreme no matter what the humanitarian cost if it eventually gave him a worthwhile advantage.
NATO provides eyes, and Ukrainian air defence provides the missile launch without revealing its position.
By the time the Russian pilot hears the first beep, an Ukrainian SAM would already been travking know of his flight path few minutes prior.
But of course capabilities might be more sophisticate than what's publicly known.
We will they run out on Sunday as said. But it cannot be lost ended without the head of putin. The blood will flow sadly by both sides, until that head roll.
Let's call a spade a spade.
The Russian method of war is not to rubbleise like NATO does. Time and again in WW2 the lesson was do not bomb and destroy cities, it turns the destroyed buildings into an urban warfare playground.
So no aircraft to shoot down and no cities to bomb means very little need for an air force.
Of course, NATO could test my theory by sending over a few squadrons of F35s and see if the Russian Air Force makes any moves against them.
Why would you not do that first.
Probably they aren't too bothered by ground equipment and manpower losses, they have plenty to spare.
Ukraine (and indeed NATO if it comes to that) needs be ready to industrialise the destruction of Russian armour and more pertinently artillery. One drone strike is great, but this must be happening at scale.
Then, if the point was to carpet-bomb and annihilate the entire territory, NATO-style, it would have been done already. Destroying singled out targets like munition depots or teletowers doesn't require engaging more than a few jets here and there.
It seems like helicopters seem to be heavily relied upon (in providing mobility, recon, convoy support, etc) - but that's a different story.
It is their only method of war if it starts to drag out and they need to break will.
They have been doing it already all throughout Ukraine at a confined scale (many well documented cases) using artillery, just not air. The question is whether they're going to ramp up to full-on Grozny/Aleppo in the coming weeks as they get more desperate. My guess is yes given that they have no other playbook.
Here is one of the many examples:
https://twitter.com/christogrozev/status/1498940319211130881
Or are you just repeating whatever history has been written?
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Grozny_(1999–2000)
Plenty of photo and video evidence is available.
Bombing everything is the Russian way. That's why they're carpet bombing kindergartens, apartment blocks, hospitals, &c.
They're just not doing it from the sky because they don't have the ability to.