https://github.com/backtrace-labs/verneuil/ is one way to address the diffing / read replica part of the problem. I believe it's compatible with gossipping: most of the data is in small content-addressed chunks, with small manifests that tell clients what chunks to fetch and how to reassemble them to recreate a sqlite database. There's already client-side caching to persistent storage, and chunks can be fetched on demand.

Sharing replication data P2P, while retaining the simplicity of a single authoritative writer per database, is explicitly part of the project's long-term goals!