Basically, yes. The hardware is QWERTY, and something in software has to be fiddled with to get my preferred layout - on Linux console that's loadkeys, in X11 it's setxkbmap or a config file, other systems do their own thing. The annoying thing to me is that in X11, the X server (usually Xorg) was the single point of configuration, and setxkbmap would work with any window manager without any special support needed; in Wayland, the compositor replaces Xorg and the window manager, so every single compositor has to do its own support for changing keyboard layout. As a sibling comment notes, wlroots appears to make this easier to implement, but as far as I can make out (I'm not much of a programmer) the dev still has to actually wire it up to do that, and cardboard doesn't seem to have done so. In the general case, I'm annoyed because the end result is that even if everyone did implement it, every single compositor would have its own special setting, when before I could either run setxkbmap or set it in the Xorg configuration file and it would work regardless of what window manager I happened to be running today.