Discriminating against a race for generations and then ignoring race in policies is NOT equal opportunity. Both the rules and the starting conditions have to be equal if the goal is equal opportunity.
Which races are you referring to? I suppose you're referring to the racist caste system in India, right?
What is India's approach to this challenge? Do they have something analogous to US affirmative action in universities to encourage historically lower-caste Indians to pursue higher education, or do they approach the issue another way?
How would you define opportunity vs outcome in this case? I feel like “admission to an honors program” could be viewed as either, depending on what you’re measuring. For a university with demographic goals, honors program demographic profile is an outcome I guess, but for the students I’d say it’s more of an opportunity.