No, not every app. There are still open source apps who usually do not do this and there are probably also some proprietary ones with ethics who have not given into it. But that this is the default and there is no big outcry is probably because allmost no one outside tech circles understands anything of it, or just throw their hands in the air.
To be pedantic, that was one part of a 225-million-Euro fine. But that practice was specifically broken out as one of the line items, with a dollar amount attached.
And to be more pedantic, the fine wasn't for the practice itself. It was for failing to provide notice to the users whose contact info was harvested. In theory, this practice is acceptable under GDPR if the app immediately informs the user whose contact issue was harvested, and gives them an opportunity to reject.
The 225-million-euro fine is still the second-largest fine issued under GDPR, after Amazon's. The 75-million-euro line item were an individual fine, it would be the fourth-largest after (one of) Google's.
This has nothing to do with it being a "surprise". That doesn't justify the action, the erosion of privacy. If your car gets broken into in a bad neighborhood, it not being a surprise doesn't justify the break-in.
Do you mean any app that has a “login with fb” button?
When I left my previous company, I gave a few coworkers my phone numbers. Within 24 hours they showed up as suggestions on FB.
* Friends that I went to graduate school with. Just based on our degrees (MLISes) and career titles, which are pretty public, and the fact that we keep in contact suggests certain types of hobbies we have in common.
* I grew up partially in some pretty rural areas, as did my sister. So which people my sister keeps in contact with from back then and what they're into is a pretty good indication of what she likes. Otherwise, why would they be in her contacts?
Basically, if your contacts have less scrupulous information practices than you regarding hobbies (e.g. your friend tells FB EVERYTHING) and they're in your phone, it's pretty easy with that info to peg you as 'Greg's friend from rock-climbing club who probably goes out with all of them for craft beer afterwards.'