> I'd like to ask you for advice on how to make the most out of the time during my studies

Go to professor's office hours. I was always so shocked when I showed up to office hours and I was the only one there almost every time. You can literally have 1-on-1 time with an expert and nobody takes advantage of it.

Another advantage of office hours is that you don't want to look like you're unprepared, so preparing some questions to ask is actually really good practice to hone in on what your gaps in knowledge are.