I _would_ call moving from a TI-83 to the TI nSpire CAS an upgrade - there's a whole host of things that the nSpire can do which the TI-83 can't, like symbolic calculations and matrix math with complex values. I'd also bet it can emulate a TI-84 faster than a native TI-84.
The 84 and 89 are instant on while the nSpire has significant boot time. I guess you are suppose to leave it on but let it “sleep” like a modern smartphone, but the battery life is bad even when the screen is off. I’m not sure how the 84 CE compares, if it’s “just” and 84 with color or it’s something much more modern locked to running an 84 emulator.
My actual workflow is to use DM42/HP-35s for anything I can do with those, and if it's more complicated, I'd rather launch Octave or MATLAB. I just can't make my nSpire work for me.
Having used all of TI-83, TI-84, and TI nSpire, I can say that unless you need and are allowed to use the CAS portion of the nSpire, it is a downgrade in almost every way.
In calculus, I could be done with a calculation on the TI-83 before my classmates in on the nSpire even got to the relevant screen - the UI makes molasses look fast. It may have more features, but at least at high school levels, you just straight up don't need them.
Not to mention the fact that the newer software (from which you cannot downgrade) introduced a significant lag / delay, even on the same hardware.