Not -as- successful as Magic, but Vampire: The Eternal Struggle was popular in the 90s and still has a cult following (pun intended). In 2018 the license was officially transferred to a fan group that's resumed producing the game. Overall, it's spanned from '94 to '20 with only a handful of missing years, which is a pretty dang good run.

His Star Wars TCG also officially ran for three years and spawned 15 years of fan development.

And then there's Netrunner (the CCG, not the better-known later Fantasy Flight LCG, Android: Netrunner, that used its mechanics). It was well-reviewed but seems to have only survived for three years as well. I expect we'll be seeing some comeback of Netrunner since Android: Netrunner recently had its license pulled for as-yet-unknown reasons.