https://gothamist.com/news/new-preliminary-state-data-shows-...
Public health officials in the US have both the reported numbers as well as piggy backing on the system set up for influenza monitoring (CLI & ILI).
Simply because not all public reporting is as rich as, say, Illinois or Pennsylvania's, doesn't mean these figures aren't carefully scrutinized -- especially when threatened by political leaning from either side of aisle (such as when the then-current administration pressured the CDC to change and alter reports).
In my experience, hospital operations officers, health information exchanges, and, depending on the state, state HHS agencies don't mess around.
[0] https://www.cnbc.com/2021/04/09/trump-officials-bragged-abou...