Q: I already own a domain that's registered with a provider other than GoDaddy. Can I set up a personalized email address in Outlook.com?
A: At the moment, we only support connecting domains managed by GoDaddy with Outlook.com.
Maybe that only applies to "Microsoft 365 Family or Microsoft 365 Personal" and not their business offering? They have a basic business offering for $5/mo, but it doesn't include the Office apps (just the online versions).
EDIT: It looks like non-GoDaddy is for business/enterprise plans: https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/microsoft-365/admin/setup/a...