Interesting read with a lot of links to explore. I have been digging down this rabbit hole quite a bit myself. For this I have used Binary Eye [1], an Android application that can read but also generate various barcodes (even some not listed in the article like PDF417 [2]).
Wikipedia lists a good number of the different barcode varieties for the curious, both linear and 2D: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barcode#Types_of_barcodes
After having playing with that, I guess that my next step is to find a webcam and play with marker systems for AR. Does someone have a webcam recommendation (or another device?) to get started with AR/marker detection?
[1] https://f-droid.org/en/packages/de.markusfisch.android.binar...