Trying to create interested-based circles was also hard, as the cardinality explodes quite fast (and you're back to square one with not knowing who you share what with).
I guess this is where Snapchat is onto something with giving a very rapid selection of who you want to share with. I usually have a small group of people in mind when I want to share something.
Defining that group, fast, almost on a per share level is the key challenge.
I think the "circles"-approach could be a way, but I think it must be much more dynamic and alive than how Google+ solved it. It must continuously evolve.