Your second guess is the correct one.
This is a bug in the LUKS2 header metadata that can trick the kernel to "recover and resume" an unsolicited decryption/reencryption process. Very hard to do because you need access to the drive and later someone to unlock the modified drive.
It as fixed bug, and a plausible scenario is if someone wants to decrypt a LUKS2 (in and old linux kernel system) which is auto unlocked by a TPM like device.