Are there any high quality prolog as a library implementations in languages such as Rust, C++, Java, Go?
A library that implements Prolog logic is an interpreter.
The difference here is that Prolog source code is passed in as a string as opposed to having an embedded domain specific language where you construct the abstract syntax tree.
Go is a very simple language and it doesn't have the kind of metaprogramming facilities that are typically used for creating embedded DSLs. Hence it's a reasonable choice to just have a parser and pass in the logic code as a string. There's probably a way to pass in the AST as well but it may not be very ergonomic.
Parsing the source and constructing the AST isn't very expensive and it's only done once per program, so the runtime cost isn't huge.
There are Prolog and Prolog-like embeddable interpreters and logic programming systems for many other prorgamming languages, including Rust, C++ and Java.
The best known ones are Clojure's core.logic (based on the logic interpreter in the SICP book) and Minikanren.
While go’s compile time metaprogamming is virtually non-existent, it’s runtime metaprogramming with reflection is more or less complete. There’s a runtime cost to using it, but that can be mitigated.
See https://github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/tree/master/pkg/sql... for a reflection-driven, embedded logic query language in go that achieves pragmatic goals of writing logic queries over data structure graphs at reasonable performance and pretty good expressibility.
And specifically for Javascript there's http://tau-prolog.org/
Also pretty much every lisp that's gotten past toy stage has a Prolog implementation
Although both Sicstus and SWI have strong Java and C(++) interop https://sicstus.sics.se/sicstus/docs/latest4/html/sicstus.ht... https://www.swi-prolog.org/pldoc/doc_for?object=packages
The tradeoffs depend on the complexity of the Prolog code and your needs for performance and features: pure LP, Prolog (search+unification+cut), garbage collection, dynamic database updates, constraint domains, etc. The Ciao Prolog engine is around 300-400KB. Adding a few libraries, compiler, etc. it goes to 2MB. Naive Prolog systems can be one order of magnitude smaller at the cost of sacrificing ISO compatibility, performance, etc. Note that "performance" can be very misleading. Some Prolog programs may run particularly fast in some Prolog system and very badly in others.
Also "logic" arithmetic (clpz, clpfd,...) is not the one that comes with normal languages and that breaks a lot of logical properties. Doing the sum of two variables in Java side will not respect logical properties. Standard is/2 in Prolog is also bad, but at least you can replace it with #= and that's it.