This won't happen. USD rotting away to inflation? Happening right now.
Don't you think somebody would notice something by now?
Anyways. Do you really think the network wouldn't do anything about it? Even quantum-proofing Bitcoin is a possibility, so why not fixing a bug?
I bet that the humans running the machines that run the Bitcoin network would simply update their Bitcoin-core and go on from the point just before the transaction that stole everyone's Bitcoin. A significant nuisance, but hardly a catastrophe.