I have spent decades developing ideas around this very topic.
I have some take away highlights and a few concrete favorites.
Uncertainty is the natural disposition of Reality. Certainty is a self deception. One can only be less uncertain and make the most appropriate decision when necessary. It is the prerogative of fools to decide prematurely or without necessity.
Man is born fool, lives his entire life fool, and dies a fool; it is a determination that she be otherwise in between that may make it so.
No one is entitled to hold others responsible for their own ignorance and confusion.
A “Truth” is a perturbation in objective reality. The “truth” is the approximation in the human mind. Integrity is the measure of precision between these two.
Truth is not constrained by the horizon of ignorance. Truth does not need a reason, you do. Truth need not make sense, sense is what you make of it.
As for good general resources
https://www.thegreatcourses.com/courses/art-of-critical-deci...
A whole range of prior discourse establishes that there are MULTIPLE successful cognitive strategies both learned and disposed at birth.
Gardener’s theories of multiple intelligences, some schools of psychological temperaments are cognitive strategies in behavioral disguise.
These legacy examples must be tolerated in their crude form. Our modern minds are only now becoming self aware.
To study our cognitive vulnerabilities, study how they have been exploited throughout history. Robert Green’s trilogy on war, power, and seduction are fine examples of effective exploitation.