One barrier is if you load an image from a source that doesn't allow CORS the canvas becomes "tainted" and exports are blocked (https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTML/CORS_enabl...)

Yes, HTML5 Canvas. ctx.drawImage() ctx.fillText()

Yes but then you can't post it to social media as easily. Unless you export it as an image from JavaScript.

This is good for social media managers that want to automate a lot of account posts.

Yes its way easier in browser on front-end.

But you need API for the things that happens off browser. Like if you want to create images inside your code.

Sure it can, and I'd say it's much cheaper to do it in JS than using API (with quite small quota, even for paid plans)

It can be done, but this is already done, so you can just pay with money instead of dev time.