Where aliens could be watching us
nautil.us
nautil.us
Anything at that level of development will of course be aware of the electromagnetic spectrum, just as how we can't see in the infrared and have developed tools to do it for us, or how we've become aware of gravitational waves and are refining our tools for listening to them.
They don't even have to be based on the same chemistry. The only conditions on them would be that they are slightly more advanced than us to be able to do exoplanet atmospheric spectroscopy en masse. Earth would really stand out for being oxygen rich without the temperatures to explain some sort of extreme activity.
> Intelligence in this context means the ability to develop the tools necessary to detect other unusual planets.
What if instead of attempting to detect planets, they just spam the universe with their space-hardened eggs, and hope that eventually they’ll smack into something habitable? Seems a lot more productive than analyzing incoming UV rays for thousands of years, then spending who knows how long to figure out how to get to the ones we suspect are interesting.
We are concerned with disseminating our discoveries and keeping in touch with the folks back home. But a non-hierarchical intelligence (by whatever hand-wavey metric you want to use for “intelligence”) might be more concerned with simply existing in as many places in which it can survive in as possible, whether Mom and Dad know about it or not.
This isn’t science fiction: I’d estimate there’s 1e10 spore-producing mushrooms on Earth on any given day. (That’s only a couple steps away from a wild-ass guess, but hear me out.) One mushroom can produce over a billion spores per day, 1e9. That’s 1e19 “eggs” every single day, and that number hasn’t changed significantly for thousands of years. It’s a staggering number.
This is science fiction: Imagine mushrooms are aliens who originally came from a planet with a more turbulent atmosphere, one which promotes more ejections of tiny spores into space. Imagine that their spores are drastically more long-lived and more spaceworthy (the Earth ones already do pretty well).
This isn’t science fiction: Mushrooms (well, fungi) have a symbiotic relationship with an overwhelming majority of plants. They are crucial to forests; there’s a viable hypothesis that forests only exist because mushrooms “decided” to farm trees. That decision, if the hypothesis is correct, played a huge role in the development of humans and therefore big telescopes.
Even if they’re native earthlings (they probably are), could they represent an intelligence whose comprehension of their environment, existential goals, mode of communication, etc. is too far outside of what we are used to in order to recognize them as being intelligent?
To bring it back around to what GP wrote, fungi do pay attention to humans, an analogue for “watching” us. They “hear” our footsteps and send hyphae to investigate, because we often track tasty things from our shoes onto their rooftops. If we cannot even speculatively judge a homegrown lifeform’s intelligence, why do we think we’ll stumble across an alien species that makes more sense to us? Those odds seem even less in our favor.
But seriously, limiting ourselves to light speed here is somewhat... disappointing.
If the speed of light really is something that can't be worked around with warp drives, etc., then who cares if there are aliens or not. They will never be interacted with in any meaningful way, except for maybe the hyper-rich folks on those generation ships.
This speaks more to our organic limitations than it does for the necessity of FTL travel.
An AI would have no issue taking 10,000 years to go to neighboring stars, nor 10 million years to "colonize" the entire galaxy.
I think the major limitation in our imagination about space travel is that organic beings will be the primary entities traveling the stars.
The most interesting observational period for observing Earth would be the beginning of the industrial period right up to the banning of CFCs and other detectable, non-naturally occurring organic compounds. The spectra would have been a dead giveaway that we're here.
Here's hoping JWST can spot CFCs or similar in extrasolar spectra.
The JWST is unlikely to do spectroscopy of rocky exoplanets.
That is currently the only viable approach [1] for exoplanet spectroscopy. But the JWST is unable to do that on planets that are not Gas giant sized.
[1]: https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/resources/297/a-planets-transmis...
So, if that planet wanted to send us data, they would have to send as much energy as gets reflected by that planet in our direction.
Since you said "as advanced as ours": We're not capable of producing that much power. Not even remotely. So they're not capable of doing that, either. A star is amazingly powerful.
Let's look at this way. The estimated power of the sun is something like 1026 W."
Thread on SO here: https://space.stackexchange.com/questions/22617/can-we-commu...
I'm not sure what this has to do with a communications link though. It's not like we need as much energy as a star, we can use a directional link like a laser. Sure it'd still need to be massive but while I don't have the math in front of me, it seems like something we could build.
You are also right that the conversation is about COMMUNICATION: 1. You either dim the star with a Dyson swarm, or 2. You pulse more power than the star outputs as background noise briefly
Neither is all that viable.
If we had to overpower the Sun to communicate, we wouldn't use radio on Earth either.
Also to damage the example a bit, we can easily detect a flashlight shining from behind a lighthouse. Our eyes are just logarithmic and suck at detecting smaller absolute differences like that.
Isaac Arthur does a good video on this topic and talks about some of the specifics of such a beacon starting at around 14 minutes https://youtu.be/DHoOjIEcRV8?t=829
"What kind of mirror we would need to send a signal 10 light years away" is a much more reasonable question. And one of the answers there is about it.
It's like why we sent human envoys during the era when communication speeds were limited by horses and ships.
ET has probably given up on long range radio for their local comms, just as we have. The bulk of our comms go through waveguides (electrical cables and optical fibers). Even our radio comms have relatively short range, and are designed to be virtually indistinguishable from noise. It's as if we've wrapped ourselves in a primitive Dyson sphere.
Tachyons are fictional, there's no reason to assume they exist. Gravitational waves require exceptionally large amounts of energy to generate; we can't transmit with them, and for a more advanced civilization which does have that capability, using the same amount of energy for a focused/directional EM transmission would be much easier to detect; because gravitational waves (unlike EM) radiate equally in all directions but EM can be directed to a particular recipient. Neutrinos are similar to EM but worse, as their transmission/power characteristics are pretty much the same but it's very difficult to detect them.
Aliens that could be watching us would be watching many other worlds.
The narrative though is always that we are special, something big is just about to happen so if the aliens are not watching us then they are stupid.
Most likely in reality there is nothing special going on here. It is all pedestrian and kind of boring to the outside observer.
Are bipedal mammals with nukes, an internet, and nascent machine learning and genetic engineering capabilities interesting?
Currently there's not enough info on how common this is, and it could go either way.