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"Sender" refers to the domain, read it as: the sender domain policy allows X and Y servers to deliver emails for this domain (or subdomains). But I agree that is confusing, also I was unaware that only the HELO and MAIL FROM in the envelop are used, I should check my postfix config..

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Right, the "Sender" in SPF is the Originating Entity (domain/domain owner), which defines a policy to explicitly bless a set of mailhosts allowed to send messages on behalf of users.

Posted article uses "Sender" for the user, not the entity. Authentication inside the entity is the entity's responsibility. SPF is only concerned with verifying that the mailhosts offering to deliver messages on behalf of entity are allowed to do so.

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