It has a 10-minute repeat rate (one frame); you can see the timestamps here,

https://www.data.jma.go.jp/mscweb/data/himawari/

Judging by the movement of the sun I would guess a couple of hours, It's hard for me to tell with all the clouds in the sky. https://twitter.com/_TheSeaning/status/1482230175806992391

>What would be the timescale of those satellite videos?

They are animated gif's just a bunch of frames from the original video.