edit: if you watch gas generator tests on youtube the gas coming out is dark because it's very fuel rich which keeps it cool (in a relative sense)
Russians had oxydizer-rich gas generators in large engines since e.g. early 1960-s (see Proton 1st stage engines). Oxygen-rich gas generators are at least since mid-1980-s (RD-170). So not exactly never done before.
A jet engine can't have such power density because it uses gaseous air which is about 1000 times less dense than liquid oxygen and only contains 20% oxygen.
Everything follows from that.
The pumps are not challenging temperature wise since they pump cold liquids.
The turbine is challenging, but the temperature can be limited by varying the ratio of propellants in the preburner (very lean or very rich means lower temperature). If you use lean, then it's a very oxidizing environment. If you go very rich, there's soot (if you use fuels with carbon).
And the chamber is not so challenging because there is so much cool liquid available for cooling.
You can boil water with a candle and a paper cup.
A high performance jet engine is a harder problem than a medium performance rocket engine.
Designing for thermal cycles and serviceability[0] is at least as difficult a problem as running a hypothetical rocket engine an equal amount of time in one longer, hotter burn.
(Such a design isn't needed and wouldn't be practical, but then again multiple aspects of SSMEs being reusable turned out not very practical either, depending on what version of design criterea you evaluate and how the expected vs actual usage changed over the lifetime of the program.)
[0]In both the engineering sense, as durability of the various loading cycles (ie lifetime turbine rotations or number of thermal cycles before eol or failure), and as being constructed as able to undergo maintenance and refurbishment between launches.
Not as much as RL-10s. SSME you can disassemble - because you should do that, as thermal stresses on turbine blades are too dangerous, so you have to periodically replace the parts which are nearing the fault.