The frame.work people are very explicit that they’ve designed the cooling system to permit you to run the CPU fairly hard. It can dump 28W continuously according to https://frame.work/gb/en/blog/the-upgradeable-mainboard.
The i9 Apple laptops were notorious for not having a cooling system that could match the heat output of the CPU & throttling almost instantly.
Modern Intel laptop CPUs are no where near the performance / W of the M1, but they are considerably better than those that Apple stuffed into their laptops a few years ago with inadequate cooling I believe.