That's really cool. I didn't realize you could do a lossless 24-bit palette with PNG.
The png optimizers you see (optipng, pngcrush, etc)? What they do is carefully pick the optimum filters to get the best file size. So I'd say those filters were the most important part of the compression.
http://www.smashingmagazine.com/2009/07/15/clever-png-optimi...