This vaccine is different in that it is only partially effective, and unless you are in a high risk group, taking it is primarily for the benefit of others, not you.
Also, prior to covid, only students were required to take vaccines - all for illnesses that were much more severe than covid. There were few or none for adults - aside from a small number of countries requiring foreigners to vaccinate for illnesses they were attempting to eradicate.
That's all very different than requiring it for your own citizens so that they can work, travel, and receive government services.