Looks like people in the west are much more interested in castes. I have never once in my career in tech in India ever had a discussion about it at any workplace or ever heard anybody talk about it.
On the other hand, what i find more visible is regionalism. It is common to stereotype say a Punjabi, a Bihari or Tamil or a Marathi. Both in front of behind each others’ back.
Maybe you are from the upper caste, people from lower caste will have a different opinion.
Just because you have not experienced it does not mean those talks dont happen.