It’s funny how it might be impossible to quantify but it’s often trivial to qualitatively know, “this ought to be way faster…” (but also the biases that make us think that given we don’t appreciate what some games have to do to render that state…)
I am not in game development, but was recently looking in some deep learning networks. A lot of compute, bazillion layers of abstractions (erm python), but at the end of the day, 98% of the time was really spent calculating the matmul. I had luck that it was easy to check it and estimate the abstraction cost (not into great detail), and disprove my original thought.
Had i not checked it, I'd still trivially know that far more perf loss happened because of abstractions.