I'd be curious to see with other options exist, but the one that I know is Filemaker Pro. I'm only familiar with the stand alone version, and while expensive, to me it sounds exactly like what you're talking about wanting.
What i have in mind is more like something between dBase and VB (VB3 at most), but with a fully integrated database that can understand graphics (ie. in addition to data types like text, number, etc it also has graphics), a more GUI driven workflow for basic stuff (e.g. instead of placing a button in a form and doubleclicking it to enter in a code editor where i type something like "form2.show" to show a second form, instead i have a dialog appear that provides some common tasks like "show a dialog, add/revert/delete/etc record, open external file, etc" with "runs script" being an option for when others wont do), being able to either infer table structure from form fields or automatically create forms from tables, etc.
Also completely self contained, no need to install separate "database drivers", or run any sort of server (even locally), just unzip some archive somewhere and run the program from there.