Can't you just impose chained liability?
If I get a robocall, my carrier owes me $100. They can then collect $100 from the peer they got it from, etc.
This will cause carriers to only peer with good carriers, not fly-by-night VoIP clown shows.
If I get a robocall, my carrier owes me $100. They can then collect $100 from the peer they got it from, etc.
This will cause carriers to only peer with good carriers, not fly-by-night VoIP clown shows.
I will set up a front company, and create thousands of phone customers that are hard to track back to me. Then I'll have my front company call all of my 1000 fake customers repeatedly. Those customers collect $100 each for every call from the phone carrier, and when the phone carrier tries to collect from the originator, poof, they don't exist anymore.
Very likely, if this $100 fine came into play, the first change telcoms would implement is verifying every single line in and out to make sure this exact situation can't happen. Will be cool to need a passport and birth certificate to get a new phone number.
In many countries, it is impossible to get even a VoIP number without showing an ID, and in some (like Bulgaria) it should be a local ID.
In Europe, esp eastern europe, like Bulgaria, there's a vast market of stolen phones, stolen or resold sims. You'll have to ditch them after several weeks of course. But it is not in any way impossible.
I'd guess it's the same in Americas.
It's been several years since I worked at an MVNO, so I can't say much about how do you get number capacity nowadays, but back then that was literally the least problem imaginable.