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What is the mechanism behind a mild, acute infection (as opposed to severe acute, or chronic) causing negative long-term effects? To phrase it differently: what is the mechanism behind "Long Covid"?

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It would depend on which "long-term effects" you examine, they range from simple inflammation to brain damage[1]. Could be the virus causing damage or your own immune response.

[1] https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/health/conditions-and-diseas...

Sadly it does not seem to mention what MRI abnormalities there are, but I am very curious. Does it affect the white matter, for example? If so, which sites? Does it cause lesions? Demyelination, or what?

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