More than "Ponzi stocks", though, in the present day and age I really feel these are just basically just a type of meme stock. I define a meme stock as one where investors are chasing momentum where they know it will eventually crash, but they're really just betting they'll be able to get out before everyone else. Hertz was perhaps the most famous example, where the stock was bid up even though it was already in bankruptcy proceedings and was inevitably going to $0.
This is the thing that I feel has pretty fundamentally changed in stock investing in the last ~5 or so years. During the original .com boom, many investors really did believe all those worthless .coms would eventually make a profit (and, indeed, many of those .coms were just too early - Pets.com famously crashed and burned, but Chewie is a multi-billion dollar business). But these days I feel like there is a new type of speculation, more like video gaming, where hardly anyone believes a particular company has good long term potential at a sky-high valuation, but that if there is a chance a stock can be pumped on wallstreetbets et al long enough that there is a valid short term play.
Hertz shareholders did receive a material payout after Apollo's debtor-in-possession takeover of the company. https://www.wsj.com/articles/hertzs-complex-shareholder-payo...
Hertz common stock is currently worth more than $11 billion, virtually unchanged from a year ago.
Clearly, there's nothing "inevitable" about bankruptcy proceedings.