If anyone else was lost like myself, here is the rundown. The linked github readme assumes prior knowledge of 2b2t.

This is an exploit for a very old Minecraft server (called 2b2t) where griefing (destroying other creations) and hacking is basically allowed. This kind of environment means that groups of players are incentivized to hide their projects out in the middle of nowhere, hundreds of thousands of blocks away from the world origin coordinates. The exploit allows a client to ask the server if data chunks at arbitrary coordinates have player activity in them, opening the server up to a brute force search to locate well-hidden bases.

Basically, a group got spy satellites in an anarchy Minecraft server where remaining hidden is critical to not being destroyed.