Nuclear regulation should be more like pipe safety regulation during World War 2
tomnysetvold.com
tomnysetvold.com
Not tenable since Fukushima and certainly not an explanation as to why the AP1000 is late everywhere. (the real answer is that factories in China took a while to figure out how to make AP1000 parts)
Speaking of stopped clocks, people still compare nuclear power economics to coal as a "gold standard" despite the fact that coal hasn't been economically competitive in North America since 1980. Not because of sulfur dioxide or that other acid gas carbon dioxide, but because gas turbines are an order of magnitude smaller than steam turbines.
If we had a liquid metal or liquid salt reactor that ran at high temperatures and a closed-cycle gas turbine powerset, the CCGT powerset would fit inside the employee break room of the turbine house of the LWR. The cost of the turbine is one thing, but the PWR also has huge heat exchangers that have to live inside the confinement structure. Even if the heat was free the power conversion system of an LWR would have a hard time being competitive if everything went right.
We need something like
or
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BN-800_reactor
if nuclear energy is going to be economically viable in the future.
> A forklift at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory moved a small spent fuel cask from the storage pool to the hot cell. The cask had not been properly drained and some pool water was dribbled onto the blacktop along the way. Despite the fact that some characters had taken a midnight swim in such a pool in the days when I used to visit there and were none the worse for it, storage pool water is defined as a hazardous contaminant. It was deemed necessary therefore to dig up the entire path of the forklift, creating a trench two feet wide by a half mile long that was dubbed Toomer’s Creek, after the unfortunate worker whose job it was to ensure that the cask was fully drained.
>The Bannock Paving Company was hired to repave the entire road. Bannock used slag from the local phosphate plants as aggregate in the blacktop, which had proved to be highly satisfactory in many of the roads in the Pocatello, Idaho area. After the job was complete, it was learned that the aggregate was naturally high in thorium, and was more radioactive that the material that had been dug up, marked with the dreaded radiation symbol, and hauled away for expensive, long-term burial.
Also about one of the primary testing groups effectively failing workers for radiation gathered on their shoes from radon in rain water.
There are very great reasons that LNT and ALARA radiation risk models are very flawed.
So, stopped clock? Ok. But that doesn’t mean there is nothing we can fix here. Make them entirely wrong not even right twice a day and I’ll be interested in ideas past the over-regulation. Until then, we have evidence that the industry is being made artificially expensive. And that it isn’t actually comparable to other options.
Part of it is that we've been so careful with radiation that, other than the nuclear attacks against Japan in WWII, we don't have statistically significant samples of people who've been exposed to artificial radiation. The results from Japan are just barely statistically significant and contradictory between Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
When we look at natural radiation there is no connection between health and background radiation. Places in India and Iran which are rich in Thorium have background levels close to the limit of what rad workers are allowed to experience but people in those places don't seem to have any ill effects.
When I last checked why a nuclear plant in the UK was running late, the answer came back to be about Fukushima and nuclear regulations. Because of the earthquake, the design of the core was updated to require a kind of exotic steel that only get produced by a few companies in the world, and it took the company several attempts to produce it. This added significant delays and costs, as producing materials at the limit of human capability is both expensive and time consuming.
There is multiple possible target of blame here. The foundries in China. The lack of competition in that space. The design choice to use very exotic materials. The regulator reaction to Fukushima, or the panic to issue an very expensive quick fix for an existing design.
The economics of nuclear power is difficult to even estimate when stupidity like that occur with regularity.
That is, the early 1970s model of a serious nuclear accident was that the pressure vessel burst. Three Mile Island complicated matters by being neither serious nor generic. By 1990 it was clear the serious generic accident was a ‘station blackout’ — with no power at the station you can’t circulate water to keep the core.
In the U.S. the NRC keeps spare generators ready to load on helicopters and transport to nuclear plants in an emergency. Had Fukushima had some spare generators staged away from the floods or simply more strongly fortified fuel tanks, ‘Fukushima’ would be an obscure word in most of the world. $1 million or so of investment in the right place would have spared a lot of trouble.
It would seem easier to just remove all the subsidies for fossil fuel. Nuclear would instantly become more competitive. Demand for electricity would go up as people wouldn't get away with polluting without paying by using fossil fuels instead.
The article kind of describe the lack of urgency that world war 2 provided, and fossil fuels could be the missing trigger. Operate the energy grid we got now without using unsafe fossil fuels that pollute the environment, causing max extinction, floods, famine, displacement and general mayhem on the planet.
Forced to be without fossil fuels, maybe nuclear deserve a second look. It is distinctly safer for human and the world in general compared to fossil fuels. You can't really get a more unsafe system than releasing the toxic waste into the air, and even if nuclear plant did that it would still be likely safer than coal. Per energy produced, coal plants create more radioactive waste than nuclear, and they just release it into the air.
It is possible to build failsafe reactors, but it requires R&D and investment. I’ll support that, but not the current antiquated designs.
We should strive for safe energy, but that won't happen if we continue to ignore the elephant in the room. Fossil fuels need to stay in the ground, the ongoing pollution stopped, and recognition of the the human deaths caused from our use of fossil fuels. At that point we can define what "safe" energy means, and pay the cost and consequences of such regulations. If we however continue with fossil fuel, any such distinction is meaningless because we aren't applying it to the the existing energy grid. The only coal plant following the strict safety requirement of a nuclear plant is one not producing any power.
The fact is all nuclear plants are in a state of meltdown without active management, passive safeguards only last so long per plant.
Most of the world’s population and countries are not at a technological level to operate a nuclear plant safely and responsibly. The world is already filled with enough shoddy nuclear plants.
So replacing fossil fuel with nuclear at this time is a no-go, sorry.
Chernobyl, the world worst nuclear accident, killed an estimated amount of 25,000 to 50,000 people through cancer. That is less than 5% of the total amount of people who die of lung cancer caused by coal ash. 5%! While I have not seen people compare it, it is possible that it is actually safer to have been living next to a nuclear accident than living next coal ash waste bond.
That is my definition for uninhabitable. What is yours?
Really blows my mind you’re confusing something like a ‘no entry zone’ where people had to abandon their homes with areas near a coal plant.
I understand why people do not want to recognize the harm of fossil fuels. It is cheap and it enable (some) people to live a richer life. It doesn't make it any less toxic. Isn't saving lives the important thing here?
I like nuclear and the potential is there to do it safely - pebble, molten salt, thorium, etc.. the problem is they stopped innovating and left off with risky boiling water reactors which over a lifetime are failure prone without impeccable maintenance.
Develop fail safe technology and then go for it. Only first world countries have to know how to really operate these things today and a country’s status isn’t guaranteed over the long term either.
It may be surprising but I don't directly like nuclear. If there exist a non-fossil fuel solution that is safer or cheaper than we should use that. My interest is strictly against the continuation of fossil fuels, especially when there exist safer alternatives today. Countries that are rich and stable should not be burning toxic chemicals for heat and energy, and yet all of them still do just to save a bit of money or to avoid upsetting voters.
Burn fossil fuels for heat and electricity, and lets be scared of all that spooky nuclear. This has been the dominant culture in energy politics for almost all of Europe, and it is only in very recent time that the wind might start to change. Before safe technologies can be invented, the first step is to address that culture. Even if nuclear was made perfect safe with no failure points, as long people still choose a more deadly source for energy then it won't make a difference.
Also, aside from neatly skirting around Fukushima and Chernobyl, not one mention to the fact that most world leaders are brain dead and shouldn't be allowed anywhere near the awesome power of nuclear energy.
Can we, humans, manage to pull this off? Absolutely, didn't need convincing about that. The author has failed to convince me that we, the humans alive today, are anywhere near competent to pull this off at scale. Or even that this shared competency is a challenge to overcome.
"But the US has had nuclear power without incident for so long now" yeah and when the chips were down at the start of convincing they committed acts of piracy to secure PPE. I'm sure it will totally be different in the face of nuclear emergency.
[0] www.bbc.com/news/world-52161995
Decreasing safety margins may actually increase that risk.
Well, from this article we know he's a Mormon...