It’s partly on Duke though, as the degree should come with a cigarette warning - this degree comes with a quarter million dollar debt, warning!
https://studentaid.gov/entrance-counseling/
The people who make these really bad decisions aren't unaware of the numbers. They're making those decisions for other reasons, like misplaced expectations on their potential for success, or strong immediate social pressures to ignore costs in their future.
There used to be some other programs in which the government backed privately issued loans; that must be what you had.