Octopart lets you compare prices across all of them (and more).
For components that you can tolerate the occasional issue with, AliExpress is also a plausible option.
Specifically for tinkering with FPGAs, I'd recommend looking into Numato. They're a small-ish business based out of India that produce cheap and cheerful FPGA boards. The products are well-made and support is great.
For the soldering station, I'd recommend just Googling "Hakko FX-888" and ponying up the US$100 or so to get one from a reputable supplier. There are cheaper products such as the YiHua 936 you can get for, say, $30 that seem similar to the Hakko on the surface, but all of them will break within 2 years while the Hakko will last many decades. If you're just getting started and don't want to drop $100, just stick to the $10 40W pencil irons and you'll be fine.
Whatever route you go, make sure to get good solder (e.g. Multicore). I used cheap DealExtreme solder for repairs back in the day, and after a couple of years all of the joints cracked and I had to re-do them. Some of the stuff had been repaired for friends and I'm sure at least some of it was binned. If you're strapped for cash, I would seriously recommend buying a cheaper soldering iron in order to get good solder.
Final thing, if you're looking for a cheap oscilloscope for getting started, check out EspoTek (disclaimer: I own the business). It's cheap and cheerful, and designed for newbies just getting into the hobby. A lot of effort has been put into the product, and it's still (semi) actively maintained on GitHub.
How comparable are they in power and featureset to chips from Xilinx and Altera?
>Whatever route you go, make sure to get good solder (e.g. Multicore).
With or without lead?
>Final thing, if you're looking for a cheap oscilloscope for getting started, check out EspoTek (disclaimer: I own the business). It's cheap and cheerful, and designed for newbies just getting into the hobby. A lot of effort has been put into the product, and it's still (semi) actively maintained on GitHub. https://espotek.com/labrador.
I'll be sure to consider it!
Temperature control-- even in a rudimentary analogue way-- is a huge win over the $10 pencil irons. It's nice to know when you're up to temperature, and that it's not at a pad-lifting level.
You might also be able to find a local vendor. I tend to be fond of Circuit Specialists (circuitspecialists.com) because, pre-COVID, they were within driving distance so you didn't have to spend postage when you wanted $1.50 worth of LEDs. They're mail-order only right now, but you might have a similar vendor in your town. They have a lot of soldering products, some of which look suspiciously like rebadged Yihua gear.