Bosch gives go-ahead for volume production of silicon carbide chips
bosch-presse.de
bosch-presse.de
... ok I'm reading about the material properties of SiC and it's insanely complex so I'm just going handwave and say that α-SiC has tighter packing with stronger bonds because of the alternating Si and C atoms.
Mixed solids are more sensitive to temperature variations (there's no change on the melting point), but actual chips are already full of mixed materials, and temperature variation isn't the bottleneck. A SiC chip has actually a bit fewer kinds of materials on the mix, but still, probably not enough to make a difference. (Anyway, we are talking about discrete transistors here, so the material count is exactly the same.)
You are probably thinking about pure substance (the ones that only have a single kind of chemical element). If so, you are completely wrong, pure substances usually have a very low melting point, and very few reach as high temperatures as you can get with composed ones.
I'm sure it's possible to build something that could operate at these kinds of temperatures permanently, but it would probably need an RTG (nuclear battery) and may be hard to test it on earth and also allow for thermal expansion and shrinkage (hard to keep the probe at this temperature for the entirety of travel to Venus). We'd also need to design lubricants for gears, cameras and sensors that can tolerate a wide range of temperatures, etc.
The upside of all this is that there are probably legit industrial use cases here on earth for electronics that are resilient in extreme temperature ranges, and in satellites as well.
But you're right - just because the silicon can go to 500C doesn't mean there aren't a gazillion other problems. You can't even use normal solder at that temperature.
The issue with Venus is really cost vs benefit any probe would have a very short life span as in hours to maybe maybe days.
At the same cost you can send probably multiple missions to Mars that would last months if not years.
We had probes on Venus using 1960’s technology we can do that again. Selling the political oversight and even the public on this however is far harder than designing and building them.
That and if you can remove all cooling, not just cost savings, but in some cases being able to remove active cooling and less moving parts is always an engineering win win.
I don't think it's that a 700C chip doesn't need cooling the way a 90C chip does; it's that the delta between 700C and room temperature means that a much smaller and much more passive cooling apparatus may be sufficient.
However, space craft would be where being able to run hotter would significantly reduce the size and complexity of cooling systems, as they can only use radiative cooling bleed off the heat they generate into space.
Imagine... a smart rice cooker where the heating element is its own embedded system running some kind of awful javascript-based OS and monitoring stack optimised for maximum waste heat. When the rice is done the system emails you and then issues itself an ACPI shutdown.
I've seen a diamond FET operating at 700°C. Devices like that could use the Venusian atmosphere for cooling.
Imho it's 600+ miles on a single charge, with a 300m recharge in 10 minutes.
That could come from burning oil (probably new power plants) or from solar or whatever (new infrastructure anyway.)
It only makes economic sense for those that need a car for their work (taxis, delivery, lots of client meetings...), and that's where electric cars already have an economic advantage. So the "economic sense" is not the reason people buy cars in the first place, but instead convenience it affords them.
I'd love to get an electric car for my city driving, but considering what car my family can fit into, it'd have to be something like an Ioniq 5 at 50K€. And if it was available at that price range 2 years ago when I was getting a new car (still significantly cheaper than Ioniq5), maybe I just would have bit the bullet. But I had to perhaps spend 100K€ on a Tesla or 80k€ on a Jaguar I-pace just to get a comparatively sized car back then.
Renting a car for those one or two trips can be pretty expensive, especially in the travel season, when cars are mostly gone quickly (on top of a cost of an electric car vs. a petrol car). You also have to plan ahead and those impromptu long-weekend trips are now suddenly much harder.
But anyway, we WILL get there. The fact that there are enough people willing to live through the inconveniences caused by EVs today means that infrastructure will get on par, and then none of us will have an excuse.
But pretending that these are not inconveniences in a tool most people get for their convenience does not help anyone.
Add extra weight (luggage) or anything external (skis/snowboard on the roof rack), and boom, your effective range in an electric vehicle has gone down by a factor of 1.5 or more
Strictly depeds on the charger. Where I live, the vast majority of chargers are slow chargers, and all fast ones are usually occupied.
Depends on the charger and the car. Ionity's chargers are 350 kW:
https://ionity.eu/en/design-and-tech.html
And, for example, cars on Hyundai's E-GMP platform (currently Hyundai Ioniq 5, Kia EV6, and Genesis GV60) can charge 10 to 80% in 18 minutes:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0J46mG7I78Q
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WCqcqy29ZCc
The Kia EV6's WLTP range is 528km so 80% of that is 422km. If we say the real world highway range is more like 400km then 80% would be 320 km.
And their availability is?
Here are examples of some of the best charging stations in Europe and the UK:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4TVohXHjLro
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LK2shbCwDYM
Funny. When I drive a regular car, gas stations are available all the time, at short notice. With a throughput of possibly hundreds of cars an hour.
Fuel shortage: https://edition.cnn.com/2021/09/28/business/fuel-shortage-uk...
Fuel shortage: https://www.bbc.com/news/business-59059093
Fuel shortage: https://www.digitaljournal.com/world/canadian-province-exten...
Fuel shortage: https://www.ibtimes.com/diesel-shortage-amid-soaring-prices-...
Things are tough all over in the real world.
Yup
> Fuel shortage
Ah yes. Extraordinary short-term events affecting only some regions vs. chronic shortage of available fast chargers pretty much everywhere.
Yup, same thing.
You picked the conditions of the contest, son. You claimed "available to anyone at any time at short notice".
You were straight up wrong. Deal with it.
This all started with a discussion of a long trip. The reality is that, at best, EVs require you to do very careful planning with potentially lengthy breaks regardless of "excellent coverage" and exuberant youtube ads of "best charging stations".
Look, if you're too afraid to think about EVs now then the best advice is not to worry about it. Live in the happy tail as a late adopter. By then all the decisions will have been made for you and you won't have to think.
Ah yes. "Son", "deal with it", "afraid to think about EVs", a couple of Youtube vidoes. The grand arguments of a person who pretends they have any arguments.
No one is "afraid to think about EVs". Those who actually think about EVs see what they are, and all the problems they have right now. Good luck to early adopters, come back when you have more arguments than those listed above.
EVs are here now, they work, and they're getting better year by year. No amount of whining from you will change that.
I routinely drove 400-500 kms without stopping when I toured Europe.
Once on the highway you only have to go straight, anybody can do that.
The only secret is to not make it a strict rule, if you feel like stopping, just stop.
Also: never drive long distances alone.
I worked as a roadie in the music business, and I would never put in danger the 5-6 sometimes 9 people I had in the van with me, with all the equipment.
I just drive at a regular pace around 100 kms/h and use the cruise control whenever possible
I also set the limiter to something below the speed limit, to remind me to not go too fast (sometimes you find yourself speeding without even noticing because the road allows you to)
I never drove more than ~5 hours straight and of course it all depends on the road conditions, crossing the Italian Alps toward Austria with snow it's not the same as cruising on German highways (where there's always some kind of fixing going on, so you aren't really going that fast)
All in all the safest safety device right now is the human driving.
But modern safety technologies are more than welcome , you can set a safety distance from the car in front of you, they follow the lines on the road so they actually can correct you if you make a mistake or are distracted, it got a lot better than the 90s where I drove my dad's car for 9 hours from my house to go snowboarding on the Alps. We were a gang of four and took turns.
This isn’t what the future looks like if we’re replacing ICE vehicles with electrics. A driver needs to be able to pull into just about any commercial parking lot and find a fast charger. The most obvious would be wiring up the big box and grocery stores with fast chargers. But I’ve seen maybe a handful of those across three states.
Oh btw I’m talking only about the US. It should be a known that the distances in the west US easily exceed those in the northeast and Europe on average.
Can you drive into just about any commerical parking lot and find a gas station to fill up with? We certainly need a much denser network of fast charging than exist today. But we don't even need to achieve the same density as our current gas refueling infrastructure because many people will be able to charge at home overnight. At some point apartment complexes will start to provide charging station for some or most of their residents.
Remember most people will only need to charge to full once or twice a week.
There's still a ways to go.
https://www.thedrive.com/news/43320/how-an-electric-rivian-r...
Just more pull through parking at chargers would help a lot.
Doesn't that already exist in cars that consumers already have? Can't the Lucid Air, Porsche Taycan, and all of the new Teslas (and probably more I'm not thinking of) all do that?
I wish that government electric car subsidies would be retargeted at cheap cars. I want to drive an electric economy car, not a luxury car. Here in Switzerland, we kind of have that: subsidies are in the form of a 99% reduction in road tax, so that every year you get a subsidy, flashy car or boring car. I'd like to see the kind of people who have to flash their cash (ahem, Tesla buyers) pay for moderate income car owner's road taxes.
Right now; they seem to be going for hybrids.
If they can’t make the economic case for electric, I don’t know how anyone that drives 1/5th or 1-10th as much can.
I suspect that is an unfair comparison. Electric cars often don't make sense for high duty cycle uses, or for long distance driving around town during the time they are active. Every minute waiting for a charge is a minute the vehicle is slack and wasting the driver's time.
Overnight charging works for lower km commuters, depending on specifics of opex and capex.
Even with subsidies, that first leg of depreciation is the steepest slope. Like I don't see how that beats just buying and owning it.
...that is, provided that said new cars are built with longevity in mind instead of planned obsolescence. Targeting subsidies toward EVs that maximize user-repairability and mandating right-to-repair would hopefully encourage that.
The purpose should be to make car manufacture a smaller industry, and have people buy a car once every, say, 20-40 years, using the same car in between.
If you use an electric car only for a commute, why not commute by bicycle or by bus? Why buy an electric car at all if you only ever drive short distances? Why not take the train if you are going long distance only four times a year?
Why even buy a new car then?
But that gets you very congested stations (great for occasions like COVID!), and is murder for a city's social life (since you're more than doubling the cost of visiting friends). I know, because I live in a city^Hhellscape designed like this...
Bikes, you say? Well, my old 20km commute took around an hour by ebike, around twice the time of the car. And that was an unpleasant experience in the best case, that got virtually unviable with weather (rain, leaves, ice, whatever else). And again, unviable for socializing since nobody I'm visiting is going to have an ebike charger (nor is it guaranteed that I'd be staying there long enough for it to work).
Most of the leaders of transit systems are not interested in good transit though. (The exceptions don't speak good English from what I can tell )
That's not a solution, that's just moving to another point on the continuum between the downsides of hub-and-spoke and the downsides of point-to-point.
And this kind of hub bifurcation typically only serves to make residential-to-residential journeys even worse, setting up social barriers based on which hubs people have easy access to.
> The exceptions don't speak good English from what I can tell
Can't really respond to this if you're not interested in citing which "good" example you'd like to see emulated.
Mass transport is a compromise to serve the masses well, but there are always losers in the compromise. Residential to residential is general the hardest to serve because other land uses value the easier to get to places far more.
There are many different cities with different constraints. They have pick different answers to the compromise. South Korea, France, Japan, and Switzerland just to name 4 very different systems that are fairly good. Each have things to learn from each other.
Today, i live in a modern mega city were this kind of facility is available at any time of the day with a wait time of < 10 mins although i have a few situations a year where I've had to cancel appointments because i just couldn't get a cab. These instances are few enough that I don't bother with owning a car.
However in my previous city, many of these conditions were simply not true - so I had a car and because it was a low cost of living country, a driver too from the time we were expecting our first child to minimise the strain and uncertainty of chaotic traffic and parking. I used to get dropped at a convenient public transport point in a way that minimised my total commute time.
Where my parents and cousins live, most of these conditions are not true and they're forced to own a car.
As another example, in Japan, a very large proportion of households own a car for the optionality even though most commute via train to work because the places they live in don't have the facilities.
No. The petrolhead press praises today's EVs for what they're strong at (acceleration) and correctly criticizes them for what they're (generally) weak at (price, range, charge time). When EV's come along with strong range like the Mercedes EQS and the Lucid Air they are rightly praised for their range.
> and then they will choose some new strawman to battle
No. This is just a strawman of your own.
The news won't stop when some technical or economic barrier is passed (which I'd argue has already happened) but when people generally believe it to be true.
But the news won't stop, because battery, motor, charging innovations now have an even bigger market and even more people will be working on it. They'll just change from "this is the breakthrough that makes EV practical" to "this innovation will make your already more than adequate EV even better and cheaper in a relentless progress of technology".
My 2015 Model S 70D has a range of 330 km in summer a little less in the winter. I use a supercharger to add perhaps 40% charge about once a week, the rest of the time I charge overnight.
Hardly anyone needs 600 miles and no one seems concerned that it takes an hour to add 300 km because most people charge overnight.
14.8% of private cars in Norway are electric now, more than 25% if you include hybrids.
The only thing holding most people back from buying electric is the cost and that is why we have so many in Norway, at the moment they are exempt from the purchase taxes and annual fees that ICE cars must pay.
Also EV owners are spoiled in several other ways: https://www.amsterdam.nl/en/parking/electric-charging/
A basic charging point capable of charging a car and accurately measuring consumption for the purpose of charging costs about $700.
Electricity meters are extremely simple and cheap devices. There’s literally nothing probative about installing one in every parking space. While your at it, might as well integrate a proper car charger.
Certainly capacity is a bit of a worry. But there are simple solutions to that as well. Offer cheaper charging, but you guarantee that you'll get X KWh between 8pm and 8am, but don't specify exactly which hours. Then just have the chargers load share, only having 20%-30% of cars charging at any one time, and changing which cars are charging to make sure that everyone get's their allocated KWhrs, and the grid isn't overloaded.
This a feature that pretty much every commercial charger already supports. It's basically a standard feature to gang a bunch of chargers together, give them a shared power budget, and then let them either queue cars, and limit charging rates, to remain within the power budget.
And even then, the cost of all this infrastructure is minuscule compared to cost of climate change defences and remediation. To claim this infrastructure is too expensive is penny wish, pound foolish. Finally there's already a bunch of companies installing these chargers, its gonna be a god damn gold rush. EV are inevitable, the companies that own the physical infrastructure are gonna make bank. Just like telecom and electricity companies did.
Western Europe (where I live) relies on street parking and has very little capacity for overnight charging. I regularly see people camping out for chargers in mall parking lots. I can't imagine the situation is much different in urban Romania, Poland or Lithuania.
I wish we had a charging grid that allowed for most private cars to be electric without any range anxiety, but that's just not true right now. You might also wish for street parking to go away (I do) but that's not happening either.
We're seeing just another dividing line going through our society here. An fully electric car says a lot about your income. It's like a huge new IPhone everybody can see.
The second is less applicable in Norway due to zero tax policy on electric cars and like 100% in total taxes on ICE. So even 5 years ago it could be sensible to get an electrical car for a family with kids. Still at that time people complained in Oslo that electric cars were for the rich folk that got them as the second car to drive in bus lines and avoid traffic jams.
Btw...did you see the new BMW SUV? So awesome!!111elf
On the scale of obstacles, this one is pretty minor, just requiring enough (political) willpower to achieve.
-politicians made a big deal of building said spots when there were close to zero electric cars on the street. Many tv spots were bought. -people start buying electric cars en masse because hey, insfrastructure! Two free chargers per street! -no more easy PR to milk. Turns out scaling street charging will be expensive and bring no extra popularity. -Five years later, we'll still have two chargers per block but a hundred times more electric cars. Back to step zero.
Next downpour:
@imchillyb: ::waves to silly biker as I pass them:: Hey guys, pipe down, we're almost home.
@zachkatz: ::Grumbles about rain, snow, sleet, and more recently hail. Looks behind at Timmy, Sally, Sue, and the dog all miserably following them home; drenched and shivering-cold on their e-bikes, and dog's paws on wet-cold-concrete.
Glad you're gonna fight for that e-bike spot, I sure won't!
I've been in towns and cities all up and down the east coast of the US with my bike, and they range from absolutely terrible for any bike traffic (stroads everywhere) to fantastic. The biggest obstacle to bikes being more usable is simply not designing our infrastructure in the least human/bike friendly way possible.
It makes much more sense (and would be much cheaper) for the govt to mandate interchangeable batteries, so you could just go to a gas station and swap out a battery instead.
The stations already exist where you need them and only need one charger for all the batteries.
However, this will only work if batteries become smaller and more energy-dense - because they are huge and heavy, electric cars today are built around them. This causes two problems:
You can’t easily remove them because they’re big and have to be built into the structure of the car, and are sometimes lod-bearing, and each car model has a different shape of battery.
In many places there isn’t even enough street parking to reliably park your car every night. You often have to park illegally and wake up early to move the car before the ticket comes.
If there isn’t even enough parking how is there going to be enough overnight charging?
Charging exclusively at fast DC chargers is feasible and done by many Tesla owners.
Whether that’s good enough depends on what you’re doing and your car’s range.
edit: I remember renting a Tesla once in San Francisco and when we got home with very low charge after a fun trip (on which we had to visit a random small town for an hour just to top up a little), we couldn’t find a place to charge. Everything the Tesla map showed was a locked garage with no public access. After a frustrating hour of searching and the car increasingly panicking at us about permanent damage, we resorted to going back to the only place we knew for sure it could charge – back where we rented it from.
We then ubered home for $20 and back to the Tesla next morning for another $20 (we rented for 3 days).
It was easily one of the frustratingest cars I ever rented.
Sometimes my Tesla charges “too fast” (~20 min) and I have to move the vehicle before my shopping or rest stop is complete. It helps to colocate fast chargers at businesses people patron anyway (supermarkets, for example), where they’ll naturally take longer than the vehicle will take to charge. These are solved problems, it’s install and equipment colocating logistics at this point.
If there is parking lot charging where you shop you can overlap it with shopping, although most efforts I've seen in that direction only have a handful of charging spots. Maybe someday there will be enough of those spots that people who don't have home or work charging will be able to do much of the charging while shopping.
But as long as we are still at the stage where many people would have to specifically go to a charging place much like they currently refuel their ICE, the speed difference will be noticeable.
For a person that drives the average amount in the US it is about an hour a year sitting at gas stations vs about 11 hours a year sitting at fast charging stations.
(Of course there may be offsetting time savings. I believe some places allow EVs to use HOV lanes regardless of the number of passengers. If you have a solo commute during times of high traffic, the HOV lanes might save you more than 10 hours a year).
Copper wiring to deliver that power is expensive. It's also a really good theft target.
Everyone adding a mere window air conditioner is enough to cause new electric lines to be needed. Electric car charging is way worse than that.
Will it? Every city parking spot in every city in the world potentially pulling ~220V @ ~60 amps overnight seems like an awful lot of electricity to generate, to say nothing of the expense of running all of the necessary cabling and charging stations. Are there cities actively implementing that strategy?
Residential streets already have cables for street lighting, adding extra cable or uprating the existing cable to support charging posts can use the same cable ducts.
The core thing is that you're assuming that every parked car arrives in the evening with near-zero charge and needs to be full in the morning. This is not the case, cars are parked 95% of the time. They can charge at work on in garages too - useful for solar power peak supply.
Let's do some napkin calculations: 95% = 1 hour per day of use for 23 hours of charging. Let's assume that's 100km drive in that 1 hour, 15Kwh for a typical EV. So on average you need 15/23=0.65KW per car, not 13KW. There's 285 million cars in the US, so you'd need 4.3 billion KWh per day for full electric. Currently US generates 11 billion KWh per day [3].
[1] https://fortune.com/2016/03/13/cars-parked-95-percent-of-tim... [2] https://www.eia.gov/tools/faqs/faq.php?id=97&t=3
Norway is a sparsely populated, thin country over a vast distance, and the northern half has some pretty harsh winter conditions.
Put another way: If Norway can, surely Germany and Spain can.
I park on the street and live at the fourth floor, I can't charge overnight at home.
Even if there was a charging station, there are at least 100 other cars in the parking spots below my building. So you'd need dozens of them.
If Norway can, Germany, Spain, France, Italy, Belgium, Austria, etc have to solve a ton of problems Norway simply doesn't have.
In my travels in Germany, France, Italy, I saw plenty of houses with off street parking. Not the majority of course but a significant minority.
Plenty of people in Oslo means the same population of one neighborhood of one big city like Rome, Milan, Paris, Berlin, Barcelona, etc.
The entire Norway population would fit in Rome.
> I saw plenty of houses with off street parking
True, and those are the areas where generally infrastructure is lacking behind and you have to travel to a close town to find a gas station.
Yes, hardly anyone needs 600 miles, but if you can't find a place to charge overnight, boom, you wake up to 80 kilometers left in your charge, and you need to find a fast charger somewhere in the vicinity, and high chances are, it wil be occupied by other cars.
You grossly overestimate availability of chargers in Europe (or anywhere, for that matter)
But I have read from news that electric-cars can't do similar round-trip all the way at highway speeds. So in addition to having find charging point somewhere, I would have had to spend extra half-an-hour driving slower... Not to even think of winter case...
And no public-transport would be even slower than electric car with some charging...
They’re far more common than people expect, but you won’t see them unless you’re looking for them. 90% of the chargers are just posts with a cable, or just little black box on a lamppost with a socket. (There’s about 5 within a 10min walk of flat in London, that are hardly used)
Certainly it can be tricky in more rural areas, but if you’re spending most of your time around towns and cities you’ll be fine. If you live rural you’ll have the space to install your own private charger.
I was looking for them when I had an EV over an extended weekend. Availability of chargers, especially fast chargers is grossly overestimated.
> (There’s about 5 within a 10min walk of flat in London, that are hardly used)
So, I zoomed in on Trafalgar Square (using PlugShare). Within a 10 minute walk from there:
- there are ~40 available plugs
- of those 40, 9 are fast chargers
- of those 40, 12 are non-Type-2/non-CCS compatible (1 is fast ChaDeMo, so if you're type 2, it's one connector less)
So, yeah. Whichever "10 minute walk" you chose situation will be the same.
> Certainly it can be tricky in more rural areas,
Define "more rural areas". I live 20 minutes away from Stockholm. I'll let you guess how many chargers there are within a "10 minute walk" from a suburb which is mostly apartment buildings.
Here's a representative suburb: https://www.google.com/maps/@59.2855172,17.9568074,3a,75y,21...
And it's the same everywhere. Here's Coulommiers, 1 hour outside Paris. Population, 14 thousand people: https://www.google.com/maps/@48.8206163,3.0939561,3a,75y,115...
There's definitely plenty of space to "install own chargers", right? ;)
Right now EVs are in the same place where cars ini general where over a 100 years ago: toys for sufficiently rich early adopters who can afford to deal with all the issues.
On the other hand outside the cities the situation became worse during the last year based on my anecdotal observations. One may need to wait at charging stations for another car to leave. Clearly the pace of building those lags behind the number of cars.
Good luck driving electric in the North.
Also. Electric cars are slow.... Good luck holding 120 kph with an electric and not watch the battery melt.
I regularly drive for 4 hours straight on highway speeds on a single charge. The battery doesn't melt. I don't know where you get that idea from, certainly not reality.
By the way, where are you going 120kph? I think I averaged 80kph between Bergen and Oslo. I was shocked at how slow typical road speeds are in Norway.
I could do with a 200km range for my daily commute, but I also have a camping trailer that I'd like to use at least once every year for a 1000km+ trip. This is just not feasible with the current generation of EVs. I could imagine loading up the camping trailer with batteries to give me that 1000+ km range, though that will increase the weight and recharging at the destination is usually impossible.
At that price difference you are probably giving up on a lot more than just range and towing capacity for your daily driver.
I know people all can’t charge at home and street parking is a thing, so it seems like 400+ mile range and 10 minute fill ups 10 minute away will be needed.
I think what would really clinch this is not creating gargantuan batteries but simply making batteries universal plug-n-play. So if needed you just stop a battery station and replace it.
This solves also the unfortunate bottleneck of everybody charging their batteries during night-time, which (last time I checked) is when the sun is not shinning...
That will no doubt upset some ICE vehicle owners with enough disposable income that they could feasibly be targeted with a lucrative product that appeals to them. Good news is that cars with 600 miles and 10 minute recharge to 300 mile (50%) are totally feasible!
E.g. the hummer that GM is rumored to be working on will apparently have 200kwh. Of course it has the weight of a Tank and the aerodynamics of barn door, so it might not be enough to get to 600 miles.
If Tesla ever puts that kind of battery in a Tesla it would probably end up with close to 1000 mile range and they would need to make it a bit bigger. That's 20 hours non stop driving at 50 miles an hour. Absolutely nobody should be doing that. But you could build a car that does that. That's a about 3x what they currently put in a model 3 (75kwh). It will be a bit heavier of course so maybe not 3x the range. But you get my point. Solvable problem for people with money.
For the rest of us normal people, take a break & plug in, go to the bathroom, eat some lunch, stretch your legs, relax, etc. After the 300+ miles that you can get with a few decent EVs that's probably a good idea. It's not the end of the world.
The more fossil fuel consumption drops in developed countries, the cheaper fossil fuels get, which would then allow people who currently cannot afford fossil fuels to buy them and replace demand.
True in some smaller countries, but in places like the United States it’s very common for people to do a road trip occasionally to visit family or go on vacation.
Stopping for a 30-60 minute charge a couple times per trip isn’t terrible, but it would mean that my annual family visit would become a 2-day drive instead of a 1-day drive. I can deal with that, but many people aren’t ready for it.
I doubt we’ll see gigantic batteries going into small cars for ridiculous range. The efficiency hit would be too large due to the extra weight. I think fast charging and a fast charging network is what we need.
But charging networks are the real issue at this point. They’re out there, but interoperability issues means the various networks often don’t work as fast as they claim or maybe not at all with your car. Range anxiety is bad enough, but when you can’t even be sure the charging station will work when you get there it’s a different level of worry altogether.
If you stick to interstates, recharging at superchargers is easy. If you travel on smaller roads you have to plan more carefully to find destination chargers, RV parks, etc along the way but so far that hasn't been a problem for me.
Granted I recharge in my garage so I can commute locally without ever needing to think about range, but for purposes of long-distance driving I think range anxiety is an overblown issue, at least for Teslas in the US.
The largest gaps between gas stations on that trip are probably 20 or 30 miles.
I would describe the Supercharging trip as very doable, but it requires following ~1 available plan vs just stopping when it is convenient (for a bathroom break or snack or whatever).
Charging on the way there just doesn’t feel right since we have enough juice to get there and everyone is anxious to reach destination, but it’s the only way to ensure we don’t have to take a detour at some point.
We solved this by getting an adapter so we can charge at their house using their dryer plug.
Yes, these are completely first world problems but it adds just enough hassle I could see some people just wanting to use an ICE car to make the trip.
Range anxiety will stop being a thing when electric vehicles are common and nobody thinks of them a something special. It's a matter of social acceptance, and the infrastructure that follows.
Driving an EV would be terribly annoying if I didn’t have a charger at home, but I know people that rely on super charging to keep their car going (have free super charging given early Tesla adopter).
In my opinion the Battery equation is already solved. Even for those who are at the end of longer driving range curve, we have a solid and realistic roadmap of battery technology. Pick Tesla tabless battery for example. It isn't Solid Battery like Holy Grail Battery, but it gets to the point where even if you are somewhat skeptical of EV, surely this is edging close to good enough?
People often confuse range anxiety with battery capacity. I dont think that is strictly true. It is one of these things where engineers would come in and suggest we need bigger battery to solve our customer's problem. But here is an product person POV, what if you have fast charging station everywhere. From your car pack living in cities, to packing in a mall or pubic parking space. This is similar to charging smartphones. Once you can charge your smartphone even dinning in Restaurants or on a Bus. You dont get nervous about running out of battery.
So as many comment have suggested, the biggest obstacle to EV isn't battery, is the abundance of Charging station. And given I actually believe City transport in the future should be micro mobility, whether that is e-bike or something else we have yet imagined, we need charging port for both bike and EV. And this needs some government planning.
While this is all good discussion, I really wish we focus more on silicon carbide :)
I wonder why they didn't jump straight to 300mm and only upgraded to 200mm wafers. They could have completely cornered the market with better economy of scale.
The other thing you can get burned with is to forget to charge before a trip. If so, it’s about an hour detour to drive to super charger, wait and get back.
Current EVs need a 20 min charge per 3 hours of driving. It may not be ideal for pee-in-a-bottle cannonball racers, but IMHO it's entirely reasonable for most people. It's approaching a point of diminishing returns.
Compare this with charging of smartphones vs brick phones. Daily charging used to be considered a dealbreaker, but fast charging made it a no-big-deal, and people got used to it.
It also can operate at higher temperatures more effectively, so it can be driven harder than a silicon transistor.
In a motor controller you will probably bank that as an efficiency improvement, probably on the order of 1-2% at cruise and maybe a bit more during heavy acceleration or deceleration. In a charger you will probably change your optimization to reduce its size and weight for a given power delivery capability. In case that's on onboard charger, that means you haul around less weight and further improve vehicle efficiency a bit. That improved figure of merit also reduces the cost of having more power handling capability, which is how it might incrementally speed up charging.
To my mind, the biggest thing we can do to improve cars generally is to figure out how to reduce their weight. It's not obvious how to do that without either cutting back on passive safety or dramatically driving up the structural cost (e.g., with metallic foams for energy absorption in crashes).
If you open up an electric motor controller you'll find it's full of MOSFETs, and they get really hot the harder you push them. The ones in EVs usually have liquid cooling and/or fans and lots of heat sinks.
So with this chemistry it sounds like less energy spent cooling, and more energy spent driving or charging.
Also sounds like they're more efficient at higher voltages in general. So again, more range or more power, or both.
So GaN is more efficient for higher frequencies and higher power and SiC is better for high temperatures and has higher potential power density than GaN
SiC will be cheaper and probably dominate GaN in production volume. Epitaxial GaN on SiC (and even GaN on diamond substrate) are used for high power, low noise at high frequency RF where the applications can justify the cost.
Diamond's thermal conductivity is uniquely high. The diamond substrate conducts heat away from the GaN FETs.
RFHIC uses this technology in some of its high power microwave sources and amplifiers.
I haven't seen GaN transistor lower than 100mOhms, SiC is easily there.
They're incredibly beautiful and I think a good alternative to diamonds:
> As some of its properties are quite similar to diamond, moissanite can be used for scams. Testing equipment based on measuring thermal conductivity in particular may give deceiving results.
I knew that semiconductor manufacturing was complex, but this fact surprised me.
Stopping short of looking up EU grant numbers, the wording seem to be meant to address a target audience and not meant to educate the public.
And what is the process node being used?
Will silicon carbide be useful for general computing appliances, CPUs, GPUs?