My quip is usually "you're allowed to say whatever you like, but you're not allowed to have everything you say heard."
In the US, at least, you're not allowed to say whatever you like-- there are certain types of speech that are prohibited-- so the first part of your quip is plainly false.
As for the second, I can't for the life of me figure out what it would mean. I can say something, but some unseen force can prevent others from hearing it?
If I understand right, it's better phrased as "you do not have the right to have everything you say heard."
E.g.
Making a website about the God Thor: OK, saying whatever you like.
Preaching about Thor on a street-corner: questionable.
Waking up the neighbours early on Thursday to tell them about Thor: over the line. They don't want to hear it then.
As far as criminal actions, your three examples demonstrate a great set distinguishing the levels for which criminal prosecution should be considered. The first case, people read it if they want to, hard to make a criminal case except for culturally-hated things like child porn. Second case, depends on what the government allows for public demonstrations. Generally, people may be offended as they pass by but there's no real harm done. (Ignoring the possibility of converting everyone who hears to Thor worshipers who overthrow the government in a bloody revolution.) Third case, people are obviously affected in a negative way with their sleeping disturbed. There's another case which the other post mentioned: false advertising, aka willful lying. To me that deserves the most punishment as a class since people can be seriously harmed by believing a lie. (With the obvious exceptions like personal white-lies and consequentialist lies in the common Nazi-hiding example.)
Which reminds me of another quip: "you do not have the right to never be offended."
e.g if the street-corner preachers don't offend you, the atheist billboards will. Suck it up and move on.
Yes. One type of time-place-manner speech restriction is called "captive audience". This limits your rights to deliver messages in circumstances where your audience has no reasonable way to avoid the message.
These include restrictions on selling legal services at accident scenes or in hospital rooms (the person you're selling to can't avoid your sales pitch), broadcasting political or religious messages on public transportation (many have no viable alternative and therefore can't avoid you), or giving a union election speech to a mass assembly of employees on company time (employees would be risking job loss by skipping out.)
You have the right to say almost anything, but you don't have the right to force anyone to hear what you have to say.