Finding the right combination of these elements is what hydroponics farmers do everyday, pushing the limits of their crop for maximum quality/yield. We are starting to see a big shift in hydroponic fertilizers from liquid to powder since nobody wants to pay for shipping water.
I highly recommend https://github.com/kizniche/Mycodo for anyone doing anything in hydroponics.
Ehm. Check out this Nature article on the importance of Carbon:
https://www.nature.com/scitable/knowledge/library/effects-of...
Very readable and worth reading in full. Especially the effects of elevated CO₂ on the C₃/C₄ photosynthetic pathway and crop yields.
The primary constraint is maintaining low enough CO2 levels to remain healthy for the humans that work inside the greenhouse. Plants themselves can handle very high levels of carbon dioxide.
If you would like that to stop happening, I would suggest working on a ban on petroleum drilling, or a carbon tax.
https://agrilifeextension.tamu.edu/library/gardening/essenti...
Interestingly none of the critical semiconductor elements are required by plants: Silicon, Germanium, Gallium, Tin, Gold, Silver…